Suphannabhum was also weakened by Khmer invasions and only the city of Suphanburi itself was left.

There are several legends about the Tai coming to rule mandalas of Central Thailand including Lavo and Suphannabhum.

The Dai-Gohonzon is a mandala believed by Nichiren Shoshu to have been inscribed by Nichiren Daishonin in Chinese and Sanskrit characters on October 12, 1279.

The priesthood require strict endorsement of the mandala by the High Priest: “ One should never worship anything as a Gohonzon that has not been authorised by the High Priest ”.

* 1302 ( Shōan 4 ): Eikan-dō Zenrin-ji mandala is said to have been completed.

A sand mandala is ritualistically destroyed once it has been completed and its accompanying ceremonies and viewing are finished to symbolize the Buddhist doctrinal belief in the transitory nature of material life.

Even the deity syllables are removed in a specific order, along with the rest of the geometry until at last the mandala has been dismantled.

A sand mandala is an example of this, being that once it has been built and its accompanying ceremonies and viewing are finished, it is systematically destroyed.

The poet describes Majapahit as the centre of a huge mandala extending from New Guinea and Maluku to Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.

Borobudur is built as a single large stupa, and when viewed from above takes the form of a giant tantric Buddhist mandala, simultaneously representing the Buddhist cosmology and the nature of mind.

The name of the mandala derives from chapter 2 of the sutra, where it is said that Mahāvairocana Buddha revealed the mandala's secret teachings to his disciple Vajrasattva from his " womb of compassion ".

Chao, Thai language lord: may also be transliterated čhao, câo, jao in Thai royal and noble titles and in the name of the Chao Phraya River ; from Middle Chinese 主 ( ćǘ ) " master ;" often rendered in English as " king " or " chief ," the latter in allusion to either Chief of the Name or tribal chief, according to relative standing in mandala ( Southeast Asian history )

The term draws a comparison with the mandala of the Hindu and Buddhist worldview ; the comparison emphasises the radiation of power from each power center, as well as the non-physical basis of the system.

* Monthon-Siamese system of local administration from 1897 to 1933, loosely based on mandala principle

A mandala of Amoghapāśa from the Singhasari period.

The whole monument itself resembles a giant stupa, but seen from above it forms a mandala.

The person is then asked to draw the mandala from the card they choose with an oil pastel of the color of their choice ( Malchiodi 1998 ).

Yamadera holds many other important cultural assets in its treasure house, the Hihokan, including standing wooden images of Shaka Nyorai, Yakushi Nyorai and Amida Nyorai, a seated wooden image of Dengyo Daishi, a hanging wooden mandala of Buddha, and a stone monument of the Nyohō-kyō Sutra from 1144.

# Atanatiya Sutta (): gods give the Buddha a poem for his followers, male and female, monastic and lay, to recite for protection from evil spirits ; it sets up a mandala or circle of protection and a version of this sutta is classified as a tantra in Tibet and Japan

This is a Garbhadhatu mandala, representing Vairocana Buddha surrounded by eight Buddhahood | Buddhas and bodhisattva s ( clockwise from top: Ratnaketu, Samantabhadra, Samkusumitaraja, Manjusri, Amitabha, Avalokitesvara, Dundubhinirghosa, Maitreya ).

Empires such as Bagan, Ayutthaya, Champa, Khmer, Srivijaya and Majapahit are known as " mandala " in this sense.

The concept of a mandala counteracts modern tendencies to look for unified political power, i. e., the power of large kingdoms and nation states of later history, an inadvertent byproduct of 15th-century advances in map-making technologies.

According to SGI teachings, the power of the Object of Devotion is not found in an external mandala, but through one's inner faith :" First, the power of any Gohonzon, including the Dai-Gohonzon, can be tapped only through the power of faith.

All the hymns of third mandala of the Rig Veda is ascribed to Vishwamitra who is mentioned as son of Gathi, including the Gayatri mantra.

This mandala, along with the Womb Realm, form the core of Japanese esoteric, or Shingon Buddhist, rituals, including the initiation or abhisheka ritual.

This mandala, along with the Diamond Realm, form the core of Japanese esoteric, or Shingon Buddhist, rituals, including the initiation or abhiseka ritual.

This kingdom produces numbers of Hindu-Buddhist temples in Java, including Borobudur Buddhist mandala and Prambanan Trimurti Hindu temple dedicated mainly for Shiva.

Ajahn Sucitto describes the path as " a mandala of interconnected factors that support and moderate each other.

This mandala is a visual representation, in Chinese characters, of the Ceremony in the Air.

Dvaravati was not a kingdom but a network of city-states paying tributes to more powerful ones according to the mandala model.

A depiction of a mandala may be less public than that of a deity.

* Late 9th century-Womb World mandala, To-ji, Kyoto, is made.

Indian and Himalayan spiritual communities often constructed temples and fortifications on design plans of mandala and yantra.

Vajrayana Buddhism also influenced the construction of Borobudur, a three-dimensional mandala, in central Java circa 800.

The special tantric vows vary depending on the specific mandala practice for which the initiation is received, and also depending on the level of initiation.

Kalachakra, sand mandala.

Representations of the deity, such as a statues ( murti ), paintings ( thangka ), or mandala, are often employed as an aid to visualization, in Deity yoga.

Worship is evident in Buddhism in such forms as: guru yoga, mandala, thanka, yantra yoga, the discipline of the fighting monks of Shaolin, panchamrita, mantra recitation, tea ceremony, ganacakra, amongst others.

" In the Buddhist and Hindu religious traditions sacred art often takes a mandala form.

This mandala is generally structured according to the model of the universe as taught in a Buddhist classic text the Abhidharma-kośa, with Mount Meru at the centre, surrounded by the continents, oceans and mountains, etc.

A common feature of this ritual is to blindfold the new initiate and to have them throw a flower upon either mandala.

The mandala in Nichiren Buddhism is called a moji-mandala ( 文字曼陀羅 ) and is a paper hanging scroll or wooden tablet whose inscription consists of Chinese characters and medieval-Sanskrit script representing elements of the Buddha's enlightenment, protective Buddhist deities, and certain Buddhist concepts.

The most famous mandala in Japan is the Taima Mandala, dated to approximately 763 CE.

Shinran designed a mandala using a hanging scroll, and the words of the nembutsu ( 南無阿彌陀佛 ) written vertically.

This style of mandala is still used by some Jodo Shinshu Buddhists in home altars, or butsudan.

File: Painted 19th century Tibetan mandala of the Naropa tradition, Vajrayogini stands in the center of two crossed red triangles, Rubin Museum of Art. jpg | Painted 19th century Tibetan mandala of the Naropa tradition, Vajrayogini stands in the center of two crossed red triangles, Rubin Museum of Art

File: Medicine Buddha painted mandala with goddess Prajnaparamita in center, 19th century, Rubin. jpg | Painted Bhutanese Medicine Buddha mandala with the goddess Prajnaparamita in center, 19th century, Rubin Museum of Art

File: Sand mandala tibet 1. JPG | Tibetan monks making a temporary " Sand-Mandala " in the City-Hall of Kitzbühel in Austria in 2002.