** Presidents of the Swiss Diet ( before 1848 )

Both the Abbot and a representative of the town were admitted to the Swiss Tagsatzung or Diet as the closest associates of the Confederation.

A friendly attitude towards the Swiss at the Diet was something he later changed, calling Zwingli's doctrine of the Lord's Supper " an impious dogma ".

* List of Presidents of the Swiss Diet

The Swiss Confederacy did not accept the resolutions of the Imperial Diet and explicitly refused to pay the Common Penny, one of the circumstances leading to the Swabian War of 1499 and the Confederacy's exemption from imperial legislation.

Yet another Arnold Winkelried is recorded in the second half of the 15th century, in connection of a lawsuit of November 1474 and as delegate of Nidwalden at the Swiss Diet on several occasiosn during 1476 to 1482.

The Swiss Diet had to adopt this resolution on 11 March 1499: " Every canton shall impress upon its soldiers that when the Confederates are under arms together, each one of them, whatever his canton, shall obey the officers of the others.

* under French occupation, when emperor Napoleon I Bonaparte styled himself ' Mediator ' ( equivalent to his title Protector in the German Confederatio of the Rhine ) of the Swiss ( at first Helvetic ) Confederation, the actual Head of the Confederation was simply the chief magistrate of the canton hosting the Swiss Diet ( Helvetic confederal parliament ), with the title Landammann der Schweiz ( in German )/ Landamman de la Suisse ( in French )/ Landamano della Svizzera ( in Italian ), usually for a year, 10 March 1803-31 December 1813

When late in the summer the full extent of the damage was assessed, all but fifty of the Scots, Swiss and metis moved up the Red to the mouth of the Pembina river.

As these Swiss were moving from the Selkirk settlement to become the first civilian residents of Minnesota, Dousman of Michilimackinac, Michigan, and Prairie Du Chien was traveling to Red River to open a trade in merchandise.

This was, in fact, Swiss Reformed theologian, Karl Barth's, understanding of the doctrine of election.

There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Hagneck Canal into Lake of Bienne.

An early theory, suggested by Swiss theologian Jean LeClerc in the 17th century, posits that the longer Western version was a first draft, while the Alexandrian version represents a more polished revision by the same author.

Nevertheless, there was also a migratory flow of German, Swiss, and Middle-Eastern immigrants arriving in Argentina.

Alberto Giacometti (; 10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966 ) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draughtsman, and printmaker.

Giacometti was born in Borgonovo, now part of the Swiss municipality of Stampa, near the Italian border.

On 27 December 1797, the last Tagsatzung of the Old Swiss Confederacy was held in Aarau.

The city was linked up to the Swiss Central Railway in 1856.

It developed a good reputation, and was home to Nobel Prize winners Albert Einstein, Paul Karrer, and Werner Arber, as well as several Swiss politicians and authors.

The Habsburgs founded a number of monasteries ( with some structures enduring, e. g., in Wettingen and Muri ), the closing of which by the government in 1841 was a contributing factor to the outbreak of the Swiss civil war – the " Sonderbund War " – in 1847.

The County of Baden was a shared condominium of the entire Old Swiss Confederacy.

Fricktal, ceded in 1802 by Austria via Napoleonic France to the Helvetic Republic, was briefly a separate Swiss canton under a Statthalter (' Lieutenant '), but on 9 March 1803 was incorporated in the canton of Aargau.

The Bahamas has a few notable industrial firms: the Freeport pharmaceutical firm, PFC Bahamas ( formerly Syntex ), which recently streamlined its production and was purchased by the Swiss pharmaceutical firm Roche ; the BORCO oil facility, also in Freeport, which transships oil in the region ; the Commonwealth Brewery in Nassau, which produces Heineken, Guinness, and Kalik beers ; and Bacardi Corp., which distills rum in Nassau for shipment to the U. S. and European markets.

The centre was formed by the mass of Dutch, German, Protestant Swiss and Scottish infantry – perhaps 30, 000 men – facing Offus and Ramillies.

But on his arrival, all was chaos – " Scarcely had my troops got over when the dragoons and Swiss who had preceded us, came tumbling down upon my battalions in full flight … My own fellows turned about and fled along with them.

Her mother was born Countess Maria-Luisa Yvonne Radha de Wendt de Kerlor, better known as Gogo Schiaparelli, a socialite of Italian, Swiss, French, and Egyptian ancestry.

The first exchange system was the Swiss WIR Bank.

Brick was revived for high structures in the 1950s following work by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and the Building Research Establishment in Watford, UK.

The airport itself is split into two architecturally independent sectors, one half serving the French side and the other half serving the Swiss side ; prior to Schengen there was a customs point at the middle of the airport so that people could " emigrate " to the other side of the airport.

The total Swiss population change in 2008 ( from all sources, including moves across municipal borders ) was an increase of 278 and the non-Swiss population increased by 1138 people.

the average price to rent an average apartment in Basel was 1118. 60 Swiss francs ( CHF ) per month ( US $ 890, £ 500, € 720 approx.

In 2012 it was reported that a Swiss woman died of starvation after having attempted to survive on light alone, based on one of Jasmuheen's books.

Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner used the words lituum alpinum for the first known detailed description of the alphorn in his De raris et admirandis herbis in 1555.

In 1958, two Swiss alpinists, Juesi and Marti teamed together, creating the first rope ascender known as the Jumar.

The cylinder head design was known as the " May Fireball " head ; it was developed by a Swiss engineer Michael May.

A similar figure was the Swiss magician known as Paracelsus ( 1493 – 1541 ), who published Of the Supreme Mysteries of Nature in which he emphasised the distinction between good and bad magic.

Johann August Sutter ( February 15, 1803 – June 18, 1880 ) was a Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, the state's capital.

The darning needle is used in duplicate stitch ( also known as Swiss darning ), while the crochet hook is also essential for repairing dropped stitches and some specialty stitches such as tufting.

In 1810, Böttiger with Swiss painter Heinrich Meyer released a monograph on the painting in the Vatican known as the " Aldobrandini marriage ".

The inductive hypothesis was also employed by the Swiss Jakob Bernoulli, and from then on it became more or less well known.

The building serves as the London headquarters for Swiss Re and is informally known as ' The Gherkin '.

Niklaus Emil Wirth ( born February 15, 1934 ) is a Swiss computer scientist, best known for designing several programming languages, including Pascal, and for pioneering several classic topics in software engineering.

Jean Piaget was a Swiss developmental psychologist known for his epistemological studies with children.

Some types of Swiss cheese have a distinctive appearance, as the blocks of the cheese are riddled with holes known as " eyes ".

Swiss cheese without eyes is known as " blind ".

Under General Henri Guisan, the Swiss army prepared for mass mobilization of militia forces against invasion, and prepared strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps known as the Réduit.

Upgraded Swiss PzHb ( Panzerhaubitze ) 79 and 88 ( M109A1 ) are known as respectively PzHb 79 / 95 and PzHb 88 / 95.

Albanian asphalt from Selenice in Southern Albania is well known for its durability as it has been used on some Swiss motorways.

Later on, the Swiss added the pike to better repel knightly attacks and roll over enemy infantry formations, with the halberd, hand-and-a-half sword, or the dagger known as the Schweizerdolch being used for closer combat.

The German Landsknechte, who imitated Swiss warfare methods, also used the pike, supplemented by the halberd, but their side arm of choice was the short sword known as the Katzbalger.

Franz Krienbühl ( 24 March 1929 – 16 April 2002 ) was a Swiss speed skater who is mostly known for his inventions that changed the sport.

Several country districts ( e. g., Baar, Menzingen, and Aegeri ) each had its own " Landsgemeinde " but were governed by one bailiff, also appointed by the Habsburgs ; these were known as the " Aeusser Amt ," and were always favorably disposed to the Swiss Confederation.

One of their best known fonts is Swiss 721 BT, which is a Helvetica clone with condensed versions and a rounded version.

* Swiss Cottage ( formerly known as Lurline Cottage ): this Federation Queen Anne cottage was built in 1898 on the east side of Lurline Street.

Other contenders for the highest " HiFi " quality on this medium were two companies already widely known for their excellent quality reel-to-reel tape recorders: Tandberg and Revox ( consumer brand of the Swiss professional Studer company for studio equipment ).

German soldiers known as Landsknechts later adopted Swiss methods of pike handling.