TDR propulsion provides a long range, a high average speed, a wide operational envelope from sea level to high altitude, a flexible mission envelope via active thrust control, relatively simple design, and logistics similar to those of conventional solid rocket motors.

These methods include: time-domain reflectometry ( TDR ), neutron probe, frequency domain sensor, capacitance probe, amplitude domain reflectometry, electrical resistivity tomography, ground penetrating radar ( GPR ), and others that are sensitive to the physical properties of water.

According to the Filarial Genome Project being done by The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases ( TDR ), the Brugia malayi MIF gene is expressed in all life-cycle stages of the parasite, and results suggest that B. malayi MIF may interact with the human immune system during the course of infection by altering the function of macrophages in the infected individual.

TDR equipment is also an essential tool in the failure analysis of modern high-frequency printed circuit boards whose signal traces are carefully crafted to emulate transmission lines.

A time-domain reflectometer ( TDR ) is an electronic instrument used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables ( for example, twisted wire pairs, coaxial cables ).

If the conductor is of a uniform impedance and is properly terminated, the entire transmitted pulse will be absorbed in the far-end termination and no signal will be reflected toward the TDR.

The resulting reflected pulse that is measured at the output / input to the TDR is displayed or plotted as a function of time and, because the speed of signal propagation is almost constant for a given transmission medium, can be read as a function of cable length.

That is, the TDR had no indication that there is a short at the end of the cable until its emitted pulse can travel down the cable at roughly the speed of light and the echo can return back up the cable at the same speed.

It is only after this round-trip delay that the short can be perceived by the TDR.

Using a TDR, it is possible to pinpoint a fault to within centimetres.

The TDR principle is used in industrial settings, in situations as diverse as the testing of integrated circuit packages to measuring liquid levels.

In TDR technology, the impulse velocity is primarily affected by the permittivity of the medium through which the pulse propagates, which can vary greatly by the moisture content and temperature of the medium.

TDR is used to determine moisture content in soil and porous media, where over the last two decades substantial advances have been made ; including in soils, grains and food stuffs, and in sediments.

The key to TDR ’ s success is its ability to accurately determine the permittivity ( dielectric constant ) of a material from wave propagation, and the fact that there is a strong relationship between the permittivity of a material and its water content, as demonstrated in the pioneering works of Hoekstra and Delaney ( 1974 ) and Topp et al.

The TDR method is a transmission line technique, and determines an apparent TDR permittivity ( Ka ) from the travel time of an electromagnetic wave that propagates along a transmission line, usually two or more parallel metal rods embedded in a soil or sediment.

In stability monitoring applications using TDR, a coaxial cable is installed in a vertical borehole passing through the region of concern.

The depth of the TDR ( d ) is a known factor and the other is the time that takes the drop of water to reach the that depth ( t ), therefore the speed of water Infiltration ( hydrology ) ( v ) can be determined.

Starting May 30, 2004, the US Patent and Trademark Office ( USPTO ) Trademark Electronic Business Center's TDR ( Text Document Retrieval ) online record showed a USPTO " Office Action " on application # 78319880, summarily refusing registration on grounds that the proposed mark " merely describes the subject matter and nature of the applicant's goods and / or services ", and also because publishing a journal is not per se a " service " within the meaning of the term in trademark law ( SSC having not provided descriptive evidence or arguments to counter that presumption ).

The propulsion sub-system ( PSS ) is a Throttleable Ducted Rocket ( TDR ) with an integrated nozzleless booster, designed and manufactured by Bayern-Chemie.

The solid propellant nozzleless booster is integrated within the ramcombustor and accelerates the missile to a velocity where the TDR can take over.

" Comparison of TDR and Inclinometers for Slope Monitoring ".

On December 6, 2006, the U. S. Surface Transportation Board approved the sale of several of American Financial Group's remaining railroad assets to Midtown TDR Ventures LLC for approximately US $ 80 million.

The most valuable asset cited by Midtown TDR were the unused " air rights " for additional development above Grand Central's underground boarding platforms and switch yard.

Part of a series of posters for the third Wipeout ( video game series ) | Wipeout game Wipeout 3 | Wip3out, design by TDR, 1999.

* Time-domain reflectometer ( TDR ) for testing the integrity of copper telephone lines and other communication cables

In 1975 the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases ( TDR ) was established to focus on neglected infectious diseases which disproportionately affect poor and marginalized populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, Central America and South America.

" The TDR must include the following seven attributes: compliance with the reference model for an Open Archival Information System ( OAIS ), administrative responsibility, organizational viability, financial sustainability, technological and procedural suitability, system security, procedural accountability.

* The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases ( TDR ).

In November 2010 it sold 333 pubs to the Stonegate Pub Company ( of London and owned by TDR Capital ) for £ 373 million.

Telecommunications for Disaster Relief ( TDR ) is a proposal by the International Telecommunications Union to establish worldwide standards of interoperability and availability of emergency communications.

The ITU assigned country code + 888 for TDR, administered by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

* ITU-T Action Plan for Standardization on Telecommunications for Disaster Relief and Early Warning ( TDR / EW ), 2005

* ITU-T Newslog Telecommunications for Disaster Relief ( TDR )

An automatic analysis of the reflectograms collected during the partial discharge measurement – using a method referred to as time domain reflectometry TDR – allows the location of insulation irregularities.

Other lesser known MCs and DJs included Johnny Rock, DJ Candido, DJ Muscle and DJ Shiz ( today known as B. Boy Omega ) who were all Puerto Ricans from The Bronx, while Mr. L of the TDR crew was half Puerto Rican and half Dominican.

A TDR transmits a short rise time pulse along the conductor.

Because of this sensitivity to impedance variations, a TDR may be used to verify cable impedance characteristics, splice and connector locations and associated losses, and estimate cable lengths.

File: Simple Time Domain Reflectometer Diagram. png | Simple TDR made from lab equipment

File: Time Domain Reflectometer made from common lab equipment. JPG | Simple TDR made from lab equipment

File: TDR trace of cable with open termination. JPG | TDR trace of a transmission line with an open termination

File: TDR trace of cable with a short circuit termination. JPG | TDR trace of a transmission line with a short circuit termination

File: TDR trace of cable with a capacitor termination. jpg | TDR trace of a transmission line with a 1nF capacitor termination

File: TDR trace of cable terminationed with its characteristic impedance. jpg | TDR trace of a transmission line with an almost ideal termination

File: TDR trace of cable with cable terminated on an oscilloscope. JPG | TDR trace of a transmission line terminated on an oscilloscope high impedance input.

So after a round-trip delay, the voltage at the TDR abruptly jumps to twice the originally-applied voltage.