During this expansion, the Wari state established architecturally distinctive administrative centers in many of its provinces — these centres are clearly different from the architecture of Tiwanaku, which is believed to have been a more federalized state by some scholars ( such as John W. Janusek ).

The Tiwanaku created a powerful ideology, using previous Andean icons that spread throughout their sphere of influence using extensive trade routes and shamanistic art.

In Tiwanaku he created the people out of rock and brought life to them through the earth.

There is evidence that bases of some statues were taken from other cultures and carried all the way back to the capital city of Tiwanaku where the stones were placed in a subordinate position to the Gods of the Tiwanaku in order to display the power Tiwanaku held over many.

Tiwanaku monumental architecture is characterized by large stones of exceptional workmanship.

In consequence, the Huari and Tiwanaku, who dwelt inland in the Andes became the predominant cultures of the region encompassing much of modern-day Peru and Bolivia.

Ironically enough, the reconstruction itself is actually much poorer quality stoneworking than the people of Tiwanaku were capable of.

The Titicaca Basin is the most productive environment in the area with predictable and abundant rainfall, which the Tiwanaku culture learned to harness and use in their farming.

Throughout their imperial reign, the Tiwanaku shared domination of the Middle Horizon with the Wari.

Among their contributions are the rediscovery of the suka kollus, accurate dating of the civilization's growth and influence, and evidence for a drought-based collapse of the Tiwanaku civilization.

Arthur Posnansky also observes that in dates near the 22 December, in the Tiwanaku culture, the population used to worship their deities to ask for good luck, offering miniatures of what they wished to have or achieve.

The controversy, charged with nationalistic and political undertones that characterized the archaeology of Tiwanaku faded rapidly without any response from the directors.

Most research, though, is based around the Tiwanaku IV and V periods between AD 300 and AD 1000, during which Tiwanaku grew significantly in power.

First established nearly two thousand years ago, it grew to be a major ceremonial center in the Tiwanaku state, a polity that dominated the south-central Andes from 400 to 1200.

* Fuente Magna: A bowl with what appears to be a Sumerian inscription on it, but was found in Tiwanaku.

In contrast to the masonry style of the later Inca, Tiwanaku stone architecture usually employs rectangular ashlar blocks laid in regular courses, and monumental structures were frequently fitted with elaborate drainage systems.

Tiwanaku art consisted of legible, outlined figures depicted in curvilinear style with a naturalistic manner, while Wari art used the same symbols in a more abstract, rectilinear style with a militaristic manner.

Tiwanaku sculpture is comprised typically of blocky column-like figures with huge, flat square eyes, and detailed with shallow relief carving.

The controversy had to do with the fact that permission to excavate Tiwanaku, being such an important site, is only provided to certified professional archaeologists and rarely to independent Bolivian scholars who scarcely can present proof of funding to carry on archaeological research.

Flowering forth in the Greek, pre-Celtic, Indo-Aryan, Aryo-Persian, Armenic, Roman, Germanic, Tiwanaku, Teotihuacán, early Chinese, Aztec-Nahua, Inca and first Egyptian dynasties ' representatives, with more or less ethnic but great spiritual purity, the " Northern Light " was considerably lost to the Atlantean offshoot which defiled itself through spiritual integration into the spiritual lunar sphere of the world of the " Mother " or " Earth " of the " Southern Light " and further miscegenation with bestial, dark Lemurian stocks.

Like the Moche, Tiwanaku portraits had individual characteristics in them.

This also led to the collapse of the Tiwanaku civilization around Lake Titicaca in present-day Bolivia.

Many other civilizations developed and were absorbed by the most powerful ones such as Kotosh, Chavin, Paracas, Lima, Nasca, Moche, Tiwanaku, Wari, Lambayeque, Chimu and Chincha, among others.

A particularly beautiful and significant celebration occurs at sunrise when the sun shines right through the Gate of the Sun in Tiwanaku.

There are also access roads to paviementados Copacabana and Tiwanaku to the west, near the Lake Titicaca, which continues until the city of Cuzco via the border town of Desaguadero.

The Tiwanaku were settled in Bolivia in around 400 BC.

The existence and the use of this emblem probably has been from the same creation of Tiwanaku for more than 2000 years.

The Atacaman culture was deeply influenced by Tiwanaku culture and later fell under Inca rule.

Tiwanaku, () is an important Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia, South America.

Tiwanaku is recognized by Andean scholars as one of the most important precursors to the Inca Empire, flourishing as the ritual and administrative capital of a major state power for approximately five hundred years.

The ruins of the ancient city state are near the south-eastern shore of Lake Titicaca in the La Paz Department, Ingavi Province, Tiwanaku Municipality, about 72 km ( 45 mi ) west of La Paz.

Leon stumbled upon the remains of Tiwanaku in 1549 while searching for the Inca capital Qullasuyu.

However, the name by which Tiwanaku was known to its inhabitants may have been lost, as the people of Tiwanaku had no written language.

The area around Tiwanaku may have been inhabited as early as 1500 BC as a small agriculturally based village.

During the time period between 300 BC and AD 300 Tiwanaku is thought to have been a moral and cosmological center to which many people made pilgrimages.

In 1945, Arthur Posnansky estimated that Tiwanaku dated to 15, 000 BC using archaeoastronomical techniques.

Later, as a result of the reevaluation of the techniques that Posnansky used to estimate the age of Tiwanaku, expert archaeoastronomical archaeologists concluded that they were invalid as they were a " sorry example of misused archaeoastronomical evidence.

The elites of Tiwanaku lived inside four walls that were surrounded by a moat.

An archaeologically based theory asserts that around AD 400, Tiwanaku went from being a locally dominant force to a predatory state.

Tiwanaku expanded its reaches into the Yungas and brought its culture and way of life to many other cultures in Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.

The Glagolitic alphabet is believed to have been created by Saints Cyril and Methodius, while the Cyrillic alphabet was invented by the Bulgarian scholar Clement of Ohrid, who was their disciple.

It is believed that most of the stable beryllium in the universe was originally created in the interstellar medium when cosmic rays induced fission in heavier elements found in interstellar gas and dust.

He concluded they had been created by some great explosive event, but believed that this force was probably volcanic in origin.

Generally believed to have been written in the Arbroath Abbey by Bernard of Kilwinning, then Chancellor of Scotland and Abbot of Arbroath, and sealed by fifty-one magnates and nobles, the letter is the sole survivor of three created at the time.

In the Western world of the time, people believed animal species were eternal and immutable, created with a specific purpose, as this seemed the only possible explanation for the incredible variety of living beings and their surprising adaptation to their habitats.

It is widely believed by historians that Federalist newspaper editors Nathan Hale, Benjamin and John Russell were the instigators, but the historical record gives no definitive evidence as to who created or uttered the word for the first time.

Home was a polygenist, he believed God had created different races on earth in separate regions.

Dewey, on the other hand, believed the public was not only capable of understanding the issues created or responded to by the elite, it was in the public forum that decisions should be made after discussion and debate.

Kirlian believed that images created by Kirlian photography might depict a conjectural energy field, or aura, thought, by some, to surround living things.

The south coast has two populated areas ; the bay of Komi and the ancient village of " Emporio ", inhabited since 1800 BC, and the site of the black volcanic beach of " Mavra Volia ", believed to have been created by the explosion of Santorini island in 1600 BC.

Agassiz was a creationist who believed nature had order because God has created it directly and Agassiz viewed his career in science for the search of ideas in the mind of the creator expressed in creation.

In some sources she is believed to have created the river.

There was very little, actually, beyond the determination of the men and women who believed in the power of the Opel idea and the 83 years over which it had been created.

Herzog believed Smith could improve his offensive production by hitting more ground balls, and subsequently created a motivational tool designed to help Smith concentrate on that task.

Origen believed that each human soul was created by God at some time prior to conception.

In Islam, all souls are believed to have been created in adult form ( before earthly life ) at the same time God created the father of Mankind, Adam.

Nietzsche believed that the ancient Greeks created tragedy as a result of their pessimism.

In the following decades the idea of a power project became inseparable from the seaway-in fact, the various governments involved believed that the deeper water created by the hydro project were necessary to make the seaway channels feasible.

God's condemnation of evil is believed to be executed and expressed in His created world ; a judgement that is unstoppable due to God's all powerful, opinionated will ; a constant and eternal judgement that becomes announced and communicated to other people on Judgement Day.

* Some members of Jehovah's Witnesses, based on the group's chronology, believed that Armageddon would occur in 1975 and a few of them sold their houses and businesses to prepare for the new world paradise which they believed would be created when Jesus establishes God's Kingdom on Earth.

The followers of Catholicism believe that God, Jesus and the Holy Spirit are three persons of one being ( consubstantiality ), as opposed to Arian Christianity, whose followers believed that Jesus, as a distinct and separate being, was both subordinate to and created by God.

Galen believed the arterial blood was created by venous blood passing from the left ventricle to the right through ' pores ' in the interventricular septum, while air passed from the lungs via the pulmonary artery to the left side of the heart.

Gregory believed that the soul is created simultaneous to the creation of the body ( in opposition to Origen, who believed in preexistence ), and that embryos were thus persons.