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The Tonkawa language was spoken in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico by the Tonkawa people.
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Tonkawa and language
* Tonkawa speak a language isolate, with no known related languages, seem to have inhabited northeastern Oklahoma in the 15th century.
The Coahuiltecan language family was proposed to include all the languages of the region, including Karankawa and Tonkawa.
They once spoke the now-extinct Tonkawa language believed to have been a language isolate not related to any other indigenous tongues.
The Tonkawa language is a syllabic language that bases its word and sentence prosody on even stressed syllables.
Tonkawa and was
After Texas was admitted as a State, the Tonkawa signed the 1846 Treaty with the Comanche and other Tribes at Council Springs, Texas.
* Panismaha ( also Panimaha, by the 1770s this group of the Skidi had broken off and moved towards Texas, where they allied with the Taovayas, the Tonkawa, Yojuanes and other Texas tribes, was referred to as the Panimaha or Panismaha )
Named after the Tonkawa tribe, the city of Tonkawa was founded in March 1894, by Eli V. Blake and Wiley William Gregory.
A ranching outpost was also built of mortar and stone at Tonkawa Bank, on the river about 12 miles distant.
Before the arrival of European settlers in the 19th century, the Cedar Park area was inhabited by various Native American tribes including the Tonkawa, the Lipan Apache, and the Comanche.
The town was rebuilt the following year, after DeWitt negotiated peace treaties with the Karankawa and Tonkawa.
US-77 was relocated to run north from Three Sands Jct to Tonkawa, Oklahoma on the former route of US-177, then east on US-60 to Ponca City, Oklahoma.
Long before Barton Springs Pool was built, the springs were considered sacred and were used for purification rituals by the Tonkawa Native American tribe who inhabited the area.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Barton Creek was believed to host Tonkawa and Comanche Indian camps.
The annual Tonkawa Powwow is held annually on the last weekend in June to commemorate the end of the tribe's own Trail of Tears when the tribe was forcefully removed and relocated from its traditional lands to present-day Oklahoma.
At least as late as 1862, the Tonkawa practiced cannibalism, which served as a pretext for the Comanche and other more bellicose tribes to attack the Tonkawa, despite the other tribes ' true agenda, which was most often military and political.
During the train journey which began in Cisco, Texas, a Tonkawa baby was born en route and was given the name, " Railroad Cisco ".
Tonkawa and Oklahoma
After siding with the Confederacy, acting as scouts for the Texas Rangers, the Tonkawa Massacre, occurring near Lawton, Oklahoma killed about ½ of the tribe.
In 1891 the Tonkawa were offered allotments in the Cherokee Outlet near present-day Tonkawa, Oklahoma.
Tonkawa ( Pawnee: Taríkawiruʾ ) is a city in Kay County, Oklahoma, United States, along the Salt Fork Arkansas River.
* Northern Oklahoma College, sometimes referred to as NOC, a community college located in Tonkawa, Oklahoma.
This also involved a new US-60 alignment between Tonkawa, Oklahoma and Ponca City, Oklahoma, where US-60, US-77, and US-177 all overlap on the same highway ( which results in northbound US-77, eastbound US-60, and southbound U. S. Highway 177 traffic running in the same compass direction-east ).
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