European segmental arch bridges date back to at least the Alconétar Bridge ( approximately 2nd century AD ), while the enormous Roman era Trajan's Bridge ( 105 AD ) featured open-spandrel segmental arches in wooden construction.

The Roman Trajan's Bridge across the Danube is one of the oldest examples.

Built around 103 to 105, Trajan's Bridge, or Pontes, is considered an architectural marvel, at 3, 500 feet across.

* Emperor Constantine I expels the Goths from the Danube frontier and repairs Trajan's Bridge.

Although the earlier Roman era Trajan's Bridge featured segmental arches, they were built of wood on top of stone piers.

The Romans continued the expansion of Singidunum ( modern capital Belgrade ), Sirmium ( Sremska Mitrovica ) and Naissus ( Niš ), among other centres, and a few notable remnants of monuments survive, such as Via Militaris, Trajan's Bridge, Diana, Felix Romuliana ( UNESCO ), etc.

Near Turnu Severin are the remains of the celebrated Trajan's Bridge, the largest in the Empire.

Ruins of Trajan's Bridge

Trajan's Bridge (; ) or Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first to be built over the lower Danube.

In 1979, Trajan's Bridge was added to the Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance, and in 1983 on Archaeological Sites of Exceptional Importance list, and by that it is protected by Republic of Serbia.

For more information, visit the official site of Trajan's Bridge

# REDIRECT Trajan's Bridge

The monumental Trajan's Bridge | Danube Bridge of Apollodorus.

He was a favourite of Trajan, for whom he constructed Trajan's Bridge over the Danube for the 105-106 campaign in Dacia.

London 1797 ; with fore-edge painting: Arches of Trajan | Trajan's Arch, Ancona, Tasso in Prison and the Bridge of Sighs

Ruins of Trajan's Bridge

Emperor Trajan let build a number of fortications in the area during Roman times, as the well-known Trajan's Bridge ( Pontes was built on the Serbian side, Theodora was built on the Romanian side ).

His 1834 publication Vorläufige Bemerkungen über bemalte Architectur und Plastik bei den Alten ( Preliminary Remarks on Polychrome Architecture and Sculpture in Antiquity ), in which he took a strong position in favor of polychromy-supported by his investigation of pigments on the Trajan's column in Rome-brought him sudden recognition in architectural and aesthetic circles across Europe.

A stone bridge later known as Trajan's bridge was constructed across the Danube at Drobeta to assist with the legionaries ' advance.

The relief portrays Trajan's two victorious military campaigns against the Dacians ; the lower half illustrating the first ( 101 – 102 ), and the top half illustrating the second ( 105 – 106 ).

The remains of Emperor Trajan's route along the Danube ( see Roman Serbia )

Roman auxiliary infantry crossing a river, probably the Danube, on a pontoon bridge during the emperor Trajan's Dacian Wars ( 101 – 106 )

Trajan's bridge over the Danube featured open-spandrel segmental arches made of wood ( standing on 40 m high concrete piers ).

Roman bridge of boats crossing the Danube during Trajan's Dacian Wars ( early 2nd century AD )

A very important route that connects the Danube to Transylvania runs through the city, so historians believe that part of the Roman Army under Trajan's leadership stayed and then passed in the actual location of the city.

Other sources say the Romans made alliance with the Scordisci in Sirmium and Danube valleys following the Alpine campaign under Tiberius in 15 BC, the alliance would be crucial for the victory over the Pannonians ( 15BC ) and later Breuci ( 12BC ). They started receiving Roman citizenship during Trajan's rule.

Bordered by the northern Trajan's Wall at its north end, by the Danube river and Black Sea to its south, by Tigheci Hills ( just east of the Prut River ) to the west, and Dniester river to the east, it was known as historic Bessarabia until 1812, when this name was given to the larger region situated between the two rivers, including Budjak.

Relief of the bridge on Trajan's Column showing the unusually flat segmental arches on high-rising Opus caementicium | concrete piers ; in the foreground Roman emperor | emperor Trajan sacrificing by the Danube

The remains of fortifications Drobeta Turnu-Severin | Drobeta on the left bank of the Danube ( Romania ), which was intended for defense of Trajan's bridge.

Draco is borne by Dacian cavalry crossing the Danube ( Trajan's Column )

Two-banked lburnians of the Danube fleets during Trajan's Dacian Wars.

Bireme Roman warships, probably liburnians, of the Danube fleet during Trajan's Dacian Wars.

The Phrygian cap can also be seen on the Trajan's Column carvings, worn by the Dacians, and on the Arch of Septimius Severus worn by the Parthians.

The Dacian Draco was the standard and ensign of troops of the ancient Eastern European Dacian people, which can be seen in the hands of the soldiers of Decebalus in several scenes depicted on Trajan's Column in Rome, Italy.

While Graphic Design as a discipline has a relatively recent history, with the term " graphic design " first coined by William Addison Dwiggins in 1922, graphic design-like activities span the history of humankind: from the caves of Lascaux, to Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of the Middle Ages, to the dazzling neons of Ginza.

Upon his accession to the throne, Hadrian withdrew from Trajan's conquests in Mesopotamia and Armenia, and even considered abandoning Dacia.

Trajan's program brought acclaim from many, including Pliny the Younger.

Specimen of Trajan ( typeface ) | Trajan typeface, based on the letterforms of capitalis monumentalis or Roman square capitals, as used for the inscription at the base of Trajan's Column from which the typeface takes its name

Decebalus ' suicidal death, from Trajan's Column

Only 5 are known up to 71 CE, none between the triumph of Claudius over Britain ( 44 CE ) and Trajan's posthumous triumph of 117-8 CE, and none from then until the triumph of Marcus Aurelius over Parthia in 166 CE.

Ancient Germanic warriors: warrior styles from Trajan's column to Icelandic sagas, Routledge, 2004, ISBN 0-415-31199-3

Eventually much economic and judicial business would transfer away from the Forum Romanum to the larger and more extravagant structures ( Trajan's Forum and the Basilica Ulpia ) to the north.

The inset door, projecting plinth and ' v '- necked rusticated vermiculation ( resembling tufa ) were all derived from the base of Trajan's Column.

In the period from Trajan's conquest to 216, Christianity began to spread in Edessa.

A depiction of Sarmatian cataphracts fleeing from Roman cavalry during the Trajan's Dacian Wars | Dacian wars circa 101 AD, at Trajan's Column in Rome

Trajan's program brought acclaim from many, including Pliny the Younger.

The emperor Trajan pouring a libation in a military setting ( relief from Trajan's Column )

Apart from the practical advantages it offered, the design also became closely associated with imperial power, being later adopted by Trajan's successors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.

In case of Trajan's Column, the difficulties were exacerbated even further by the simultaneous work on the neighbouring Basilica Ulpia, which limited the available space so that the capstan crews had proper access only from one side.

However, the structure would have been generally invisible and surrounded by the two libraries in Trajan's Forum, and because of the difficulty involved in following the frieze from end to end, it could be said to have had much less propaganda value.

File: Decebalus b. jpg | Bas-relief from 113 AD representing the Dacian King Decebalus, wearing a Dacian cap, Trajan's Column, Rome.

* Photograph and " cartoon view " explanation of Trajan's Column, from McMaster University Humanities department

For example, Trajan's vast forum was financed from booty derived from his Dacian wars.

Construction of the bridge ran from 103 through 105, preceding Trajan's conquest of Dacia.

On the Romanian bank, at the Small Kazan, the likeness of Trajan's Dacian opponent Decebalus was carved in rock from 1994 through 2004.