In 1345, the Serbian King Stefan Uroš IV Dušan proclaimed himself Emperor ( Tsar ) and was crowned as such at Skopje on Easter 1346 by the newly created Patriarch of Serbia, and by the Patriarch of Bulgaria and the autocephalous Archbishop of Ohrid.

His son Ivan IV emphatically crowned himself Tsar ( Tsar ) on 16 January 1547.

The first Russian ruler to officially crown himself " Tsar " was Ivan IV.

Simeon proclaimed himself " Tsar ( Caesar ) of the Bulgarians and the Romans ", a title which was recognised by the Pope, but not of course by the Byzantine Emperor.

In 1185 Peter and Asen, leading nobles of supposed and contested Bulgarian, Cuman, Vlach or mixed origin, led a revolt against Byzantine rule and Peter declared himself Tsar Peter II.

Peter styled himself " Tsar of the Bulgars, Greeks and Wallachians ".

In an inscription from Turnovo in 1230 he entitled himself " In Christ the Lord faithful Tsar and autocrat of the Bulgarians, son of the old Asen ".

He abolished taxes for a year, rode unarmed through the streets and bazaars meeting common people, and appointed himself " Military Governor of Tashkent ", recommending to Tsar Alexander II that the city be made an independent khanate under Russian protection.

After Nicolas I became Tsar, however, Bakunin senior gave up politics and devoted himself to the care of his estate and the education of his children, five girls and five boys, the oldest of whom was Mikhail ( Michael ).

Rather than report the loss of his army to Tsar Nicholas II, Samsonov committed suicide by shooting himself in the head on 29 August 1914.

Tsar Nicholas II went for a long walk to compose himself before going to visit Tsarina Alexandra and the newborn Anastasia for the first time.

In the battle Kutuzov could only command the IV Corps of the Allied army, although he was still the de jure commander because the Tsar himself was afraid of responsibility in case his favored plan failed.

With the Tsar himself present in nominal command ( actual command was in the hands of veteran German-born career-soldier Count Wittgenstein ), a Russian army of 100, 000 men, supported by the Black sea fleet, swept aside the Ottoman forces in the Romanian Principalities, crossed the Danube, and laid siege to Silistra, Varna and Shumla, the key Ottoman-held fortresses in Rumelia ( Bulgaria ).

The quality of Smetana's production of Glinka's A Life for the Tsar angered Glinka's champion Mily Balakirev, who expressed himself forcefully.

However, some scholars believe this accusation has little merit, as reportedly the Tsar had placed himself in physical danger too many times previously for his flight to be out of cowardice.

In Orthodox Russia too, when Peter I the Great assumed the Byzantine imperial titles Imperator and Autokrator, instead of the ' merely ' royal Tsar, the idea in founding the Russian Holy Synod was to put an end to the old Imperium in imperio of the free Church, by substituting the synod for the all too independent Patriarch of Moscow, who had become almost a rival of the Tsars — Peter meant to unite all authority in himself, over Church as well as State: through his Ober-Procurator and synod, the Emperor ruled his Church as absolutely as his army and navy through their respective ministries ; he appointed its members ( mostly bishops ) just as his generals ; and the Russian Government continued his policy until the end of the empire in 1917.

purchased by Russian Tsar Nicolas II himself.

Jack Manahan enjoyed this marriage of convenience, and described himself as " Grand Duke-in-Waiting " or " son-in-law to the Tsar ".

The Tsar himself followed the work ’ s progress with interest and suggested the change in the title.

In the summer of 1915 the Tsar himself took personal command, with Mikhail Alekseyev as his chief of staff.

Peter secured himself on the throne ( after fending off a challenge from Klonimir, son of Stojmir ) and was recognised by Tsar Symeon of Bulgaria.

Although the Bulgarian Army succeeded in capturing Edirne ( with the help of the Serbian Army ), Tsar Ferdinand's ambition in crowning himself an Emperor in Constantinople proved also unrealistic when the Bulgarian Army failed to capture the city in the battle of Çatalca.

He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter I and his first wife Eudoxia Lopukhina.

He was left in the hands of reactionary boyars and priests, who encouraged him to hate his father and wish for the death of the Tsar.

Another influence was Alexander Kikin, a high-placed official who had fallen out with the Tsar and had been deprived of his estates.

A larger variation of the same design which Sakharov worked on was the 50MT Tsar Bomba of October 1961, which was the most powerful nuclear device ever exploded.

Commander-in-Chief was Tsar Ferdinand, while the actual command was in the hands of his deputy, General Mikhail Savov.

It was popular as a village instrument for centuries, particularly with the skomorokhs, sort of free-lance musical jesters whose tunes ridiculed the Tsar, the Russian Orthodox Church, and Russian society in general.

There, with the active aid of the Russian government, he at length got access to the remainder of the precious Sinaitic codex, and persuaded the monks to present it to Tsar Alexander II of Russia, at whose cost it was published in 1862 ( in four folio volumes ).

Indeed he was never rich, but he staunchly defended the rights of the monks at St. Catherine's Monastery when he persuaded them eventually to send the manuscript to the Tsar.

Later on, he was a tutor to the later Tsar Peter II in 1728.

In 913, Simeon I of Bulgaria was crowned Emperor ( Tsar ) by the Patriarch of Constantinople and imperial regent Nicholas Mystikos outside of the Byzantine capital.

The Bulgarian imperial title " Tsar " was adopted by all Bulgarian monarchs up to the fall of Bulgaria under Ottoman rule.

It should be noted that after Bulgaria obtained full independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908, its monarch, who was previously styled " Knyaz ", i. e. Prince, took the traditional title of " Tsar " which in Bulgarian means King and was recognized internationally as such.

The word Tsar derives from Latin Caesar, but this title was used in Russia as equivalent to King ; the error occurred when medieval Russian clerics referred to the biblical Jewish kings with the same title that was used to designate Roman and Byzantine rulers-Caesar.

On 31 October 1721, Peter I was proclaimed Emperor by the Senate-the title used was Latin " Imperator ", which is a westernizing form equivalent to the traditional Slavic title " Tsar ".

She often wrote to its then ruler, Tsar Ivan IV, on amicable terms, though the Tsar was often annoyed by her focus on commerce rather than on the possibility of a military alliance.

This was because his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, suggested the nickname of " Nicky ", however it got mixed up with the many Nickys of the Russian Imperial Family (" Nicky " was particularly used to refer to Nicholas II, the last Tsar ) so they changed it to Dickie.

The Congress was a personal triumph for Francis, where he hosted the assorted dignitaries in comfort, though Francis undermined his allies Tsar Alexander and Frederick William III of Prussia by negotiating a secret treaty with the restored French king Louis XVIII.

When told by the Russians to submit to the rule of the Tsar and to pay yasak ( tribute ), the Daurs would often refuse, saying that they already pay tribute to the Shunzhi Emperor ( whose name the Russians recorded from the Daurs as Shamshakan ).

For its entire history, the Third Section ’ s surveillance had been imperfect ; not only did the gendarmes often fail to surveil people who were actually plotting, in one case, they even allowed Sophia Perovsky, who later led the successful plot to assassinate Tsar Alexander II ( r. 1855-1881 ), to escape from them at a railroad station.

Despite an often cited singular instance of his hissing at the national anthem, he was courted by royalty and presented with several gold medals, one of them from the Russian Tsar Nicholas, on whom a visit to Wallsend colliery on Tyneside had made an unforgettable impression: ‘ My God ,’ he had cried, ‘ it is like the mouth of Hell .’ Martin became the official historical painter to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, later the first King of Belgium.

What little the Duma could do after 1907 was often vetoed by the Tsar or the appointed upper house of the Russian parliament.

Gesya Mirokhovna Gelfman ( Gesia Gelfman or Helfmann ); ( Гельфман, Геся Мироховна in Russian ) ( her name is often incorrectly spelled Gesya Mironovna and she sometimes gave an abbreviated " Mirovna "; she is sometimes referred to as Gesia, Hesse, Hessy or Jessie ) ( between 1852 and 1855, Mazyr — 2. 1 ( 13 ). 1882, Saint Petersburg ), Russian revolutionary, member of Narodnaya Volya, implicated in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II of Russia.

" Although her memoirs testify to the contrary, she is often credited with the introduction of Rasputin to the family of Tsar Nicholas II.

A Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevish, the Young Oprichnik, and the Valorous Merchant Kalashnikov, often abbreviated as The Song of the Merchant Kalashnikov, is a poem by Mikhail Lermontov written in 1837 and first published in 1838.

The Ascension church of Kolomenskoye, built in 1532 to commemorate the birth of the first Russian Tsar Ivan IV, often is considered the first tented roof church.

In the 1820s, the Cantonist Laws passed by Tsar Nicolas kept the traditional double taxation on Jews in lieu of army service, while actually requiring all Jewish communities to produce boys to serve in the military, where they were often forced to convert.