The UN continues to maintain a peace building mission in Bangui.

During a UN mission in the northern part of the country in November 2006, the mission had a meeting with a prefect who said that he could not maintain law and order over the military and the presidential guards.

In late 2002, Croatia and Serbia and Montenegro adopted an interim agreement to settle the disputed Prevlaka peninsula at the entrance of the Bay of Kotor in Croatia's favour, allowing the withdrawal of the UN monitoring mission.

* DR Congo: UN peacekeeping mission ( MONUC )-3 military observers

* Afghanistan: UN peacekeeping mission ( UNAMA )-1 military observer

* Kosovo: UN peacekeeping mission ( UNMIK )-1 military observer

Sixteen people died before policemen and UN mission MONUC took control of the city.

The voting process, though technically difficult due to the lack of infrastructure, was facilitated and organized by the Congolese Independent Electoral Commission with support from the UN mission to the Congo ( MONUC ).

Ecuador has offered humanitarianian aid to many countries and a supporter of the United Nations and is now contributing troops in the UN mission in Haiti.

The mission of the Alliance originates from the first and eight UN Millennium Development Goals ; reducing the number of people that suffer from hunger in half by 2015 ( preceded by the “ Rome Declaration ” in 1996 ) and developing a global partnership for development.

In July 2003, the Jueves Negro demonstrations rocked the capital, forcing the closing of the US embassy and the UN mission, as supporters of Ríos Montt called for his return to power.

Like its predecessor, the UN does not have its own standing armed forces, but calls on its members to contribute to armed interventions, such as during the Korean War and the peacekeeping mission in the former Yugoslavia.

A UN visiting mission reported in October 1975 that an overwhelming majority of the Saharan people desired independence.

The Nigeria Police Force and troops have served in places like UNIPOM ( UN India-Pakistan Observer mission ) 1965, UNIFIL in Lebanon 1978, the UN observer mission, UNIIMOG supervising the Iran-Iraq ceasefire in 1988, former Yugoslavia 1998, East Timor 1999, and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ( MONUC ) 2004.

A regional peace-monitoring force and a UN observer mission monitors the government and provincial leaders who have established an interim administration and are working toward complete surrender of weapons, the election of a provincial government and an eventual referendum on independence.

The UN assistance mission in Rwanda, a UN chapter 6 peace-keeping operation, involved personnel from more than a dozen countries.

Most recently, in 2000, Senegal sent a battalion to the Democratic Republic of Congo to participate in MONUC, the United Nations peacekeeping mission, and agreed to deploy a United States-trained battalion to Sierra Leone to participate in UNAMSIL, another UN peacekeeping mission.

A Senegalese contingent deployed on a peacekeeping mission to the Central African Republic in 1997, while in 1994, a battalion-sized force was sent to Rwanda to participate in the UN peacekeeping mission there.

The French UN delegation insisted on this interpretation at the time, but both English and French are the Secretariat's working languages.

The USA and Britain, while admitting that such a resolution was diplomatically desirable, insisted that Iraq had now been given enough time ( noting also the time since the first disarmament resolutions of 1991 ) to disarm or provide evidence thereof, and that war was legitimized by 1441 and previous UN resolutions.

The UN had insisted that he be arrested, judged and tried for crimes against humanity during his term and since the election of Ouattara.

He met with the UN representatives of several Arab countries to try to convince them the report should be delayed ; they agreed in principle, but insisted that the Palestine Liberation Organization also had to agree.

The United States has insisted that Iran must meet the demands of the UN Security Council to suspend its enrichment program.

" Meanwhile, UN headquarters in New York City insisted on proper procedures and close cooperation with the RPF government.

Eventually, after the overthrow of Slobodan Milošević from power as president of the federation in 2000, the country rescinded those aspirations and accepted the opinion of Badinter Arbitration Committee about shared succession, and reapplied for and gained UN membership on November 2, 2000.

The advisory opinion set forth the international legal responsibilities and obligations of Sponsoring States AND the Authority to ensure that sponsored activities do not harm the marine environment, consistent with the applicable provisions of UNCLOS Part XI, Authority regulations, ITLOS case law, other international environmental treaties, and Principle 15 of the UN Rio Declaration.

The United Nations became involved after Morocco asked for an opinion on the legality of its demands from the International Court of Justice ( ICJ ), and the UN also sent a visiting mission to examine the wishes of the population.

In a 1971 advisory opinion, the International Court of Justice upheld UN authority over Namibia, determining that the South African presence in Namibia was illegal and that South Africa therefore was obliged to withdraw its administration from Namibia immediately.

Still, he was of opinion that it was worthwhile to keep the UN in shape because it was the sole international organisation which offered opportunities for discussions between all states.

Although the British government and some governments of other members of the EU and NATO supported the US position, opinion polls show that in general their populations were against an attack, especially an attack without clear UN Security Council support.

" On January 28, however, Russia's opinion had begun to shift following a report the previous day by UN inspectors which stated that Iraq had cooperated on a practical level with monitors, but had not demonstrated a " genuine acceptance " of the need to disarm.

* A UN panel reports that Iraq's al-Samoud 2 missiles, disclosed by Iraq to weapons inspectors in December, have a range of 180 km ( above the 150 km limit allowed by the UN ), splitting opinion over whether they breach UNSCR 1441.

In international law, the Prevention of Disasters Principle, as first elaborated in the UN Habitat II Agenda, permits states to take pre-emptive or restraining actions when a consensus of scientific opinion is that failing to do so will cause some disaster to occur.

( Some authors have claimed that when a presumed adversary first appears to be beginning confirmable preparations for a possible future attack, but has not yet actually attacked, that the attack has in fact ' already begun ', however this opinion has not been upheld by the UN.

* Iraq invasion ( 2003 ), the media's failure to report on the legality of the war despite overwhelming public opinion in favor of only invading Iraq with UN authorization.

Finding support in this position from two other justices ( William J. Brennan and William O. Douglas ), Goldberg published an opinion dissenting from the Court's denial of certiorari in a case, Rudolph v. Alabama, involving the imposition of the death penalty for rape, in which Goldberg cited the fact that only five nations responding to a UN survey indicated that they allowed imposition of the death penalty for rape, including the U. S., and that 33 states in the U. S. had outlawed the practice.

* UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression

East also headed the development of an advisory opinion to the UN General Assembly on the legality of Nuclear Testing in 1995.

The range of opinion extends from those who want to eliminate the UN entirely, to those who want to make it into a full-fledged world government.

* U. S. Agent Harold H. Koh during Kosovo Oral Hearings, ICJ President Hisashi Owada, 1 – 11 December 2009 and Agent Koh's Statement of December 8, 2009, at pp. 22 – 39 and Overview of International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence and USA-Russia Clash in the ICJ over Kosovo's Independence of December 10, 2009 and December 9, 2009 and UN World Court Ends Public Hearings of December 11, 2009 and ICJ Kosovo Advisory Opinion Rules Kosovo's Independence Legal of July 22, 2010 and Legal Adviser Koh briefs on ICJ Kosovo Opinion of July 22, 2010 and Kosovo Did Not Violate International Law and ASIL Insight on Kosovo Advisory Opinion of August 17, 2010 and ICJ Kosovo Independence Ruling Watched Around the World of August 25, 2010

For example, the International Court of Justice advisory opinion noted that access to the Christian, Jewish and Islamic Holy Places had been protected by various laws dating back to the early Ottoman Empire, with the latest provisions having been incorporated into the UN Partition Plan, article 13 of the League of Nations Mandate, and Article 62 of the Treaty of Berlin of 13 July 1878.

In 1971, however, a majority of the then International Court of Justice ( ICJ ) members asserted in the non-binding Namibia advisory opinion that all UN Security Council resolutions are legally binding.

This dissident opinion broke confidence she had with the Head of the UN Mission ( Heidi Tagliavini ).

UN General Assembly Resolution 3292 requested that the International Court give an advisory opinion on the following questions:

However, the world community increasingly took the opinion that the conflict was a legitimate bid for national liberation ; UN officials unilaterally recognised SWAPO as the " sole authentic representative of the Namibian people " and " the future government of Namibia ".

The meeting agreed to petition the UN to send another commission of enquiry and the Philippines and Indonesia agreed to drop their objection to the formation of Malaysia if the new commission found popular opinion in the territories in favour.