Prior to 2000, the United States armed forces trained together with the UPDF as part of the African Crisis Response Initiative.

As of 2008, these personnel problems has been exacerbated by the surge of UPDF troops resigning to go to work with the Coalition Forces in Iraq.

The UPDF has up to 5, 000 soldiers serving with AMISOM in Somalia as of 2011.

In March 2002, the Uganda People's Defence Force ( UPDF ) launched a massive military offensive, named " Operation Iron Fist ", against the LRA bases in southern Sudan, with agreement from the National Islamic Front.

The Uganda Peoples Defense Force ( UPDF ) launched " Operation Iron Fist " against LRA rebels in northern Uganda in 2002 and conducted operations against LRA sanctuaries in southern Sudan with the permission of the Sudanese Government.

The fighting flared again in 2001 after the UPDF replaced the governor with a Hema appointee.

The first edition of the UPDF was released in 2001, while the second edition was released on July 29, 2010, coinciding with the centennial of the University of the Philippines.

The Uganda People ’ s Defence Force ( UPDF ), previously the National Resistance Army, is the armed forces of Uganda.

From 2007 to 2011, the International Institute for Strategic Studies has estimated the UPDF has a total strength of 40, 000 – 45, 000, and consists of land forces and an Air Wing.

Since March 2002 UPDF has been granted permission to carry out operating against LRA bases across the border in the Sudan, and these raids, collectively known as Operation Iron Fist, have resulted in the repatriation of many abducted children being held by the rebels as child soldiers or sex slaves.

The UPDF has also been the subject of controversy for having a minimum age for service of 13.

This has created an image problem for the UPDF and may have impacted the international aid Uganda receives.

The problem continued in 2003, when there was a severe problem of ' ghost ' soldiers within the UPDF.

Following the June 2003 UPDF withdrawal of troops from the DRC, limited nonlethal military assistance has restarted.

After several interventions in the Congo, the UPDF was involved in a further incursion there from December 2008, stretching into February 2009, against the Lord's Resistance Army in the Garamba area.

UPDF special forces and artillery, supported by aircraft, were joined by the Congolese FARDC and elements of the Sudan People's Liberation Army.

Called ' Operation Lightning Thunder ' by the UPDF, it was commanded by Brig.

It has largely been defeated by the UPDF and the areas secured.

In 2002 Uganda and Sudan reestablished diplomatic ties and signed a protocol permitting the Uganda People's Defence Forces ( UPDF ) to enter southern Sudan and engage the LRA.

President Museveni declared that, if Congolese authorities did not disarm the LRA combatants, the UPDF would be sent across the border in pursuit.

Most were aimed at soft targets, such as camps of internally displaced persons ( IDPs ) and small villages, though an ambush of UPDF soldiers in Kasese district raised eyebrows.

The number of incidents increased in 1998, a fact that some people blame on the lack of UPDF alpine units to track and fight the rebels in the mountains.

In the west, hundreds of civilians were murdered, large numbers of land mines were laid, attacks were made on civilian, police and UPDF locations.

In 1999 the government gained the upper hand, forcing the ADF from their bases and into small bands that had to constantly move to escape UPDF forces.

The UPDF blamed the government of Sudan for supporting the ADF in retaliation for Ugandan support for the Sudan People's Liberation Army.

While fighting continued into 2000 and there have been sporadic attacks, the UPDF was largely successful in destroying the insurgency and securing the Ugandan conflict areas.

It participates in the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ) and the West African Economic Monetary Union ( UEMOA ) for regional economic integration ; Liptako-Gourma Authority, which seeks to develop the contiguous areas of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso ; the Niger River Commission ; the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel ( CILSS ); and the Senegal River Valley Development Organization ( OMVS ).

In carrying out these principles, Nigeria participates in the Organization of African Unity ( OAU ) now known as the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States ( ECOWAS ), the Non-Aligned Movement, the Commonwealth, and the United Nations.

The African Baptist Assembly of Malawi participates in the All-African Baptist Fellowship and the Baptist World Alliance.

NMMU participates in the FNB Varsity Cup, a rugby competition for the top-8 South African rugby playing Universities.

He participates in the Great Grapple tournament in order to fund his self-made environmentalist organization and protect the African wildlife from poachers.

He participates in battling Qat-maddened North African tribesmen who are trying to overthrow their country.

The Blue Bulls, for sponsorship reasons known as the Vodacom Blue Bulls, or more popularly by their Afrikaans name die Blou Bulle, is a South African rugby union team that participates in the annual Currie Cup tournament.

In recent years the Squadron has been involved in Operation Deny Flight over Bosnia, Operations Bolton and Resinate in the Middle East and regularly participates in major Air Defence exercises, both in the UK and abroad.

South Africa participates via a parallel Joint Air Training Scheme agreement.

The Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, retired by Bomber Command a month earlier, participates in a bombing raid for the last time, as Whitleys borrowed from Operational Training Units flesh out the Bomber Command force for the raid.

* manages / participates in a number of Operational Programmes, such as the e-Business Forum and the Go Digital Training Support. The main objectives of these programmes include the promotion of Internet technologies, the exchange of opinions, ideas and expertise, and the endorsement of e-business knowledge accumulation, focusing on small and medium sized enterprises ( SMEs ).

Approximately 35 percent of the student body participates in specialized programs, such as the Voluntary Ethnic Enrollment Program ( VEEP ), the Choice Program, the Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NJROTC ) program, or the Seminar Program.

ENA also participates in international Technical Assistance programmes, funded by the EU or other donors.

The Park actively participates in the Assistance Program for the Creation and Growth of Innovative Companies of the Institute for Small and Medium Industry of the Generalitat Valenciana ( IMPIVA ), and along with the UMH, jointly promotes an entrepreneurial culture.

Offering a Philosophy degree programme as well as an inter-faculty study of religion programme, the faculty also participates programmes of the intra-faculty Münchner Kompetenzzentrum Ethik ( Munich Ethics Referral Centre ) and the Munich Centre for Neurosciences ( LMUinnovativ ).

The faculty participates in the WitsPlus programme, a part time programme for students, and is based in the Commerce, Law and Management Building on West Campus.

HUL also participates in ‘ The Choices Programme .’ It is a front-of-pack labelling programme aimed to help consumers make a healthier choice.

He also participates in the jury for the Conflict Prevention Prize awarded every year by this foundation, and in the scientific committee of its Water and Sanitation programme.

The Council participates in the activities of UNESCO's programme called Management of Social Transformation ( MOST ).

Bradford College participates in the Erasmus programme.

A student can be awarded his " colours " as a tangible recognition of success achieved, dedication demonstrated and good example shown through the medium of any Campbell sport which participates in external / extramural competition, or through the College ’ s music and drama programme.

The school also participates in the Sure Start programme.

The university participates in the ERASMUS programme, a partnership for student exchanges in Europe.

The University also participates in Erasmus Mundus programme of European Commission offering MUNDUS URBANO master course International Cooperation and Urban Development.

The university actively participates in the European Union's SOCRATES programme as well as several TEMPUS programmes.

It is a member of the Canadian Federation of Students and participates in the British Columbia U-Pass programme.

In addition to its master programmes, Sciences Po offers a PhD programme in political sciences and participates in research and study programs with the support of national partner institutions such as the Rhône-Alpes Regional Council, one of the richest in France.

The Walton Centre leads the way nationally with its innovative programme of pain relief for chronic sufferers, delivered by a multi disciplinary team and, unusually, the department of neurosurgery participates in the delivery of the pain services.

The Institute also participates in theoretical and practical instruction of first aid, acute states, pain management and self-defence for all other degree programmes of the Faculty of Medicine and, within the scope of its first aid instruction programme, cooperates with all other faculties of the University of Ostrava.