Călinescu's first book was written in Italian under the title Alcuni missionari catolici italiani nella Moldavia nei secoli XVII e XVIII, which appeared in 1925 and treated the Vatican's counter-reformationary propaganda efforts in Baroque Moldavia with heavy reliance on unpublished sources found in the Vatican Archives.

Mauro Gagliardi, consultor to the Vatican's Office of Pontifical Ceremonies, who said during a ZENIT interview:

It will be examined by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and then " placed under the judgment of the Holy Father ," said a brief communique from the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, which is handling the Vatican's discussions with the SSPX.

The Vatican's official press organ, l ' Osservatore Romano, lobbied for censorship while the Board of Roman Parish Priests and the Genealogical Board of Italian Nobility attacked the film.

In 1968 prominent liberal theologians in the Roman Catholic Church issued what is now known as the Nijmegen Statement, demanding sweeping reforms in the Vatican's Holy Office, previously known as The Inquisition, and calling for greater scope for theological inquiry.

The influence of liberation theology diminished after proponents were accused of using " Marxist concepts " leading to admonishment by the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ( CDF ) in 1984 and 1986.

In March 1983, Cardinal Ratzinger ( now Pope Benedict XVI ) head of the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith ( CDF ), made ten observations of Gutiérrez's theology, accusing Gutiérrez of politically interpreting the Bible in supporting temporal messianism, and stating that the predominance of orthopraxis over orthodoxy in his thought proved a Marxist influence.

To flesh out these implications and ramifications, the Vatican's Commission on Interrelegious Relations with the Jews issued its Guidelines and Suggestions for Implementing the Conciliar Declaration Nostra Aetate in late 1974.

The above-referenced statements by the Vatican's Commission for Interreligious Relations with the Jews, as well as other developments, including the establishment of more than two dozen centers for Christian-Jewish understanding at Catholic institutions of higher learning in the United States along with the participation by rabbis in seminarian formation training, demonstrate how the church has embraced Nostra Aetate.

He was made a member of the Vatican's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity and served from 1976 to 1981 as a consultor to its Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews.

In 1992, the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints officially designated Cooke as a Servant of God, a first step in the canonization process that leads to beatification and then canonization as a saint.

He consolidated all parish building programs into his own hands, thereby getting better interest rates from bankers, and convinced Pius XII of the need to internationalize the Vatican's Italy-centered investments after World War II ; for his financial skill, he was sometimes called " Cardinal Moneybags ".

Apologists for the Vatican's role during WWII have cited Pope Pius XII's 1942 Christmas address as evidence that the Papacy and the Roman Catholic establishment did indeed condemn Nazi genocide but the relevant passage ( a single short paragraph ) in this address is so vague, obfuscated and un-specific as to offer little support for this claim.

He worked for a time as an apprentice in the Vatican's Propaganda Fide printing house in Rome.

Personal prelatures, similar to dioceses and military ordinariates, are under the governance of the Vatican's Congregation for Bishops.

Several sensationalist and anti-Catholic books published during the 1980s and 1990s, such as Unholy Trinity: How the Vatican's Nazi Networks Betrayed Western Intelligence to the Soviets, Genocide in Satellite Croatia 1941 – 1945 and The Vatican's Holocaust, were highly critical of the Institute for Works of Religion's historical relations with anti-communist governments and especially with the Independent State of Croatia during World War II.

* Perpetual vows of chastity in a religious institute ( It is harder to be excused from permanent, solemn vows as a religious than it is from the novitiate or from preliminary, initial vows, especially if the religious is ordained ; it requires the permission of the local and regional religious superior, the knowledge of the local ordinary, and the permission-subject to final papal approval-of the Vatican's Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life ).

Since 1859, only one mercenary unit has been permitted: the Vatican's Swiss Guard, which has been protecting the Pope for the last five centuries, dressed in colourful uniforms, supposedly drawn by Michelangelo, reminiscent of the Swiss mercenary's heyday.

JST is one of two Jesuit seminaries in the United States with ecclesiastical faculties approved by the Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education.

Lustiger's strong support for the State of Israel, which conflicts with the Vatican's officially neutral position, also won him Jewish support.

According to historian John F. Pollard, Nogara laid " the foundations " for " one of the biggest pillars for the Vatican's post-Second World War financial strength.

The launching took place at the Permanent Observation Mission of the Vatican to the United Nations, with the presence of the Vatican's then State Secretary, Cardinal Angelo Sodano.

His grandfather, Marcantonio Pacelli, had been Under-Secretary in the Papal Ministry of Finances and then Secretary of the Interior under Pope Pius IX from 1851 – 70 and helped found the Vatican's newspaper, L ' Osservatore Romano in 1861.

Monsignor Pietro Gasparri, the recently appointed undersecretary at the Department of Extraordinary Affairs, had underscored his proposal to Pacelli to work in the ' Vatican's equivalent of the Foreign office ' by highlighting the ' necessity of defending the Church from the onslaughts of secularism and liberalism throughout Europe.

During World War I, Pacelli maintained the Vatican's registry of prisoners of war and worked to implement papal relief initiatives.

To mark the fiftieth anniversary of the beginning of Vatican II, in October 2011, the Vatican's website and many other Catholic news organizations announced that the Pope Benedict XVI, had made the period from October 2012 to the end of November 2013 ( the Solemnity of Christ the King ) a " Year Of Faith " in a solemn declaration, and ordered all parishes and religious institutions to find some manner during that Year of celebrating and reaffirming the Creed ( there are now two main Creeds-the shorter Apostle's Creed and the lengthier Niceno-Constantopolitan, or Nicene Creed.

Due to its rarity, the Vatican's euro coins are highly sought by collectors.

* July 1 – The first issue of the Vatican's newspaper L ' Osservatore Romano is published.

Dei Verbum ( official title of the Vatican's English translation: Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation – Dei Verbum ) was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on November 18, 1965, following approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2, 344 to 6.

This is in addition to the marking of the occasion at the Vatican's Gregorian University itself and at major centers of Christian-Jewish understanding around the United States.

It is also on the Vatican's list of 45 greatest films of all time, compiled in 1995.

Father Belo was the choice of the Vatican's Pro Nuncio in Jakarta and the Indonesian leaders because of his supposed submissiveness, but he was not the choice of the Timorese priests who did not attend his inauguration.

He now makes a tender offer to buy the Vatican's 25 % interest in the company, which will give him controlling interest.

* Raymond Burke, Former Archbishop of St. Louis and now the Cardinal Prefect of the Vatican's Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura

After the war, Benedict focused the Vatican's activities on overcoming famine and misery in Europe and establishing contacts and relations with the many new states which were created because of the demise of Imperial Russia, Austria – Hungary and Germany.

He also depleted the Vatican's official revenues with large-scale charitable expenditure during World War I.

A Notification of 14 June 1966 from the Congregation, which was published on the 15 June 1966 issue of the Vatican's newspaper, L ' Osservatore Romano, announced that, while the Index maintained its moral force, in that it taught Christians to beware, as required by the natural law itself, of those writings that could endanger faith and morality, it no longer had the force of ecclesiastical positive law with the associated penalties.

From 2001-2010 the Holy See, the central governing body of the Catholic Church, has " considered sex abuse allegations concerning about 3, 000 priests dating back up to 50 years " according to the Vatican's Promoter of Justice.

In 1808 Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace the yellow and red colors with yellow and white.

If a description of s, d ( s ), is of minimal length ( i. e. it uses the fewest number of characters ), it is called a minimal description of s. Thus, the length of d ( s ) ( i. e. the number of characters in the description ) is the Kolmogorov complexity of s, written K ( s ).

In 1515, he created his woodcut of a Rhinoceros which had arrived in Lisbon from a written description and sketch by another artist, without ever seeing the animal himself.

It was in Bologna that Dürer was taught ( possibly by Luca Pacioli or Bramante ) the principles of linear perspective, and evidently became familiar with the ' costruzione legittima ' in a written description of these principles found only, at this time, in the unpublished treatise of Piero della Francesca.

Some of Bede's material came from oral traditions, including a description of the physical appearance of Paulinus of York, who had died nearly 90 years before Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica was written.

* A computer program written in a page description language, such as PostScript

The earliest text which is believed to include a description of the Faroe Islands, was written by an Irish monk in the Frankish Kingdom named Dicuil, who wrote about the countries in the north.

The first description of civil, criminal and procedural law for a city in Germany in the German language, the Ordeelbook ( Ordeel: sentence ) was written by the solicitor of the senate of Hamburg, Jordan von Boitzenburg, in 1270.

The following description of a game was written by Henry Chadwick and appeared in his Base Ball Memoranda.

A description of Swiss contributions to LCD developments, written by Peter J.

In the codex's description of the first meeting between Moctezuma and Cortés, the Aztec ruler is described as giving a prepared speech in classical oratorial Nahuatl, a speech which as described verbatim in the codex ( written by Sahagún's Tlatelolcan informants who were probably not eyewitnesses of the meeting ) included such prostrate declarations of divine or near-divine admiration as, " You have graciously come on earth, you have graciously approached your water, your high place of Mexico, you have come down to your mat, your throne, which I have briefly kept for you, I who used to keep it for you ," and, " You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs ; may our lords come on earth.

A description using the approach of underspecification would not attempt to assign to a specific phoneme in some or all of these cases, although it might be assigned to an archiphoneme, written something like | A |, which reflects the two neutralized phonemes in this position.

The syntax and semantics of the language have to be inferred from this description, which may be written in natural or a formal language.

He includes a detailed description of the apse mosaic over the main altar and gives the text for a long inscription he has written to be put on the wall under the image.

Any 3-tuple is called an instantaneous description ( ID ) of, which includes the current state, the part of the input tape that has not been read, and the contents of the stack ( topmost symbol written first ).

While the term refactoring originally referred exclusively to refactoring of software code, in recent years code written in hardware description languages ( HDLs ) has also been refactored.

1 Corinthians does not match that description ; so this " letter of tears " may have been written between 1 Corinthians and 2 Corinthians.

The fantasy novel The Folk of the Air by Peter S. Beagle was written after the author attended a few early SCA events circa 1968 ; but he has repeatedly stated that he then studiously avoided any contact with the actual SCA itself for almost two decades, so that his description of a fictitious " League for Archaic Pleasures " would not be " contaminated " by contact with the actual real-life organization.

Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians ( 11: 23-26 ), which was likely written before the Gospels, includes a reference to the Last Supper but emphasizes the theological basis rather than giving a detailed description of the event or its background.

Drawing of Vanilla from the Florentine Codex ( circa 1580 ) and description of its use and properties written in the Nahuatl language

* 1267 – Roger Bacon completes his work Opus Majus and sends it to Pope Clement IV, who had requested it be written ; the work contains wide-ranging discussion of mathematics, optics, alchemy, astronomy, astrology, and other topics, and includes what some believe to be the first description of a magnifying glass.

Although the description is not entirely without ambiguity, the constrictor knot is thought to have appeared under the name " gunner's knot " in the 1866 work The Book of Knots, written under the pseudonym Tom Bowling.

The most extensive account of the Isis-Osiris story known today is Plutarch's Greek description written in the 1st century CE, usually known under its Latin title De Iside et Osiride.

Most Roman accounts of triumphs were written to provide their readers with a moral lesson, rather than to provide an accurate description of the triumphal process, procession, rites and their meaning.