* Longer constraint lengths produce more powerful codes, but the complexity of the Viterbi algorithm increases exponentially with constraint lengths, limiting these more powerful codes to deep space missions where the extra performance is easily worth the increased decoder complexity.

** with constraint length less than 10, usually decoded using a Viterbi algorithm ( see Viterbi decoder );

Typically, the frame is decoded at each possible rate, and using the quality metrics of the Viterbi decoder, the correct result is chosen.

* Viterbi decoder, a device implementing the Viterbi algorithm.

A Viterbi decoder uses the Viterbi algorithm for decoding a bitstream that has been

There are both hardware ( in modems ) and software implementations of a Viterbi decoder.

A hardware Viterbi decoder for basic ( not punctured ) code usually consists of the following major blocks:

A hard decision Viterbi decoder receives a simple bitstream on its input, and a Hamming distance is used as a metric.

A soft decision Viterbi decoder receives a bitstream containing information about the reliability of each received symbol.

However, being based on trellis codes, they are more complex than STBCs to encode and decode ; they rely on a Viterbi decoder at the receiver where STBCs need only linear processing.

For relatively small values of k, the Viterbi algorithm is universally used as it provides maximum likelihood performance and is highly parallelizable.

An approximate confidence measure can be added to each bit by use of the Soft output Viterbi algorithm.

* Apply a sequence detector at the receiver, that attempts to estimate the sequence of transmitted symbols using the Viterbi algorithm.

A common approach is to use a variant of the Viterbi algorithm.

* The Viterbi algorithm ( used for hidden Markov models )

The Viterbi algorithm is a dynamic programming algorithm for finding the most likely sequence of hidden states – called the Viterbi path – that results in a sequence of observed events, especially in the context of Markov information sources and hidden Markov models.

The terms " Viterbi path " and " Viterbi algorithm " are also applied to related dynamic programming algorithms that discover the single most likely explanation for an observation.

For example, in statistical parsing a dynamic programming algorithm can be used to discover the single most likely context-free derivation ( parse ) of a string, which is sometimes called the " Viterbi parse ".

The Viterbi algorithm was proposed by Andrew Viterbi in 1967 as a decoding algorithm for convolutional codes over noisy digital communication links.

The Viterbi algorithm finds the most likely string of text given the acoustic signal.

A variant of the CYK algorithm finds the Viterbi parse of a sequence for a given SCFG.

The Viterbi algorithm is the optimum algorithm used to decode convolutional codes.

In 1967 he invented the Viterbi algorithm, which he used for decoding convolutionally encoded data.

" Hardwired " ( as opposed to software programmable soft microprocessors described above ) digital logic IP cores are also licensed for fixed functions such as MP3 audio decode, 3D GPU, digital video decode, and other DSP functions such as FFT, DCT, or Viterbi coding.

His work in the Viterbi algorithm and in advancing the understanding of coding theory in general has influenced the design of modern digital modems.

The difference between the state sequence that the Viterbi algorithm estimate generates and the state sequence that the Forward algorithm generates is that the Viterbi algorithm recalculates the entire sequence with each new data point whereas the Forward Algorithm only appends the new current value to the previous sequence computed.

The Viterbi School received other major gifts including gifts from Silicon Valley venture capitalist Mark Stevens who created the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation in 2004 ; real estate developer Daniel J. Epstein who named the Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering with an $ 11 million gift in 2002 ; Energy Corporation of America CEO John Mork who named the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science with a $ 15 million gift in 2005 ; Ken Klein, CEO and president of Wind River Systems, who established the Klein Institute for Undergraduate Engineering Life with an $ 11 million gift, also in 2005 ; Ming Hsieh, founder of Cogent Inc., who named the Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering in 2006 with a $ 35 million gift ; and Los Angeles real estate developer Sonny Astani, who named the Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering with a $ 17 million gift in 2007.

The forward algorithm is closely related to, but distinct from, the Viterbi algorithm.

* Viterbi algorithm, an algorithm in signal processing.

The Viterbi path can be retrieved by saving back pointers that remember which state was used in the second equation.

The Viterbi parse is the most likely derivation ( parse ) of the sequence by the given SCFG.

* 1967-Viterbi algorithm proposed by Andrew Viterbi

It was renamed following a $ 52 million donation by Andrew Viterbi.

The Viterbi School of Engineering is currently ranked No. 11 nationally by U. S. News and World Report.

* Viterbi algorithm-invented by Andrew Viterbi

Contour crafting is a construction process under development by Behrokh Khoshnevis of the University of Southern California's Information Sciences Institute ( in the Viterbi School of Engineering ) that uses a computer-controlled crane or gantry to build edifices rapidly and efficiently without manual labor.

The USC Viterbi School of Engineering lab reported the large scale production of highly transparent graphene films by chemical vapor deposition in 2008.

Viterbi decoding was developed by Andrew J. Viterbi and published in the paper " Error Bounds for Convolutional Codes and an Asymptotically Optimum Decoding Algorithm ", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Volume IT-13, pages 260-269, in April, 1967.

The Annenberg Center for Communication ( ACC ) at the University of Southern California promotes interdisciplinary research in communications between the USC School of Cinematic Arts, Viterbi School of Engineering, and the separate USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, also funded by Walter Annenberg.

The Team participates in the TEAMS ( Test of Engineering Aptitude, Mathematics, and Science ) Competition that occurs annually in March and is hosted and sponsored by the Viterbi School of Engineering at the University of Southern California ( USC ).

The Information Sciences Institute ( ISI ) is a research and development unit of the University of Southern California's Viterbi School of Engineering which focuses on computer and communications technology and information processing.

Viterbi decoders are thus easy to implement in VLSI hardware and in software on CPUs with SIMD instruction sets.

Unlike Viterbi decoding, sequential decoding is not maximum likelihood but its complexity increases only slightly with constraint length, allowing the use of strong, long-constraint-length codes.

Both Viterbi and sequential decoding algorithms return hard-decisions: the bits that form the most likely codeword.

* Yanis C. Yortsos, Dean of the Viterbi School of Engineering at USC

Andrew James Viterbi ( born Andrea James Viterbi ; March 9, 1935 ) is an Italian-American electrical engineer and businessman who co-founded Qualcomm Inc.