The academic tradition of interpretation of the wide use of the name " Vlachs " in this particular case as nothing more than a transient substitution and confusion of several medieval authors was affirmed in the second half of the 19th century by the Czech historian Konstantin Josef Jireček in his " History of the Bulgarians ", first published in 1876, in which he ignored the idea of significant ethnic Vlach participation in these processes, and is supported by the contemporary Bulgarian medievalist and researcher of the Asens Ivan Bozhilov.

Within a few weeks, however, David was killed by Vlach vagrants and Moses was fatally injured by a stone during the siege of Serres.

Basarab was expressly stated to be a Romanian ( Vlach ); King Charles I of Hungary speaks of him as ‘ our unfaithful Vlach ’.

Isaac was the son of Manuel Erotikos Komnenos, the strategos autokrator of the East under Emperor Basil II Manuel originated in Thrace and was possibly of Vlach ancestry, though other ethnic origins have been suggested.

On October 18, 1409, Vajk ( Voicu ), a Wallachian ( ethnicity is disputed with Vlach, Cuman and Slavic claims ), was rewarded for military bravery by Sigismund of Luxembourg, and received the domain of Hunedoara and the title of Kenez ( a Hungarian feudal title, see " Universitas Valachorum ").

A long-standing common categorisation was a division between the Vlax ( from Vlach ) from non-Vlax dialects.

Woyk ( Voik, Vajk ) — Hunyadi's father — was described as being Vlach ( an exonym and sometime endonym for Romanian ) descent by medieval chroniclers and modern historians.

But there were two lands by the " Vlach " name-the other Wallachia, the Greek Duchy of Wallachia was in Central Greece surrounded by the Pindus mountains where the Byzantine Empire was, but outside the empire.

Another Vlach region, called Little Walachia, was located in what is today known as Aetolia-Acarnania ( a department in west central Greece ).

Iorga also stood out among his generation for flatly rejecting any notion that the 12th-century Second Bulgarian Empire was a " Vlach-Bulgarian " or " Romanian-Bulgarian " project, noting that the Vlach achievements there benefited " another nation " ( Iorga's italics ).

The city was first founded during the period of the Second Bulgarian Empire in the 12th century, the Royal Court (" Curtea Domnească "), was probably built during this time by the early Vlach Voievods.

This territory was under Litovoi's rule, a Vlach ( Romanian ) voivode in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia.

The Banat Krajina was divided into Serb ( Illyrian ), German ( Volksdeutscher ) and Romanian ( Vlach ) sections.

Over time, the population of the Frontier ( as it was then ) became mixed between the autochthonous Croats and Croatian serfs who had fled the Ottoman territories, and the numerous minority of Serb and Vlach ( who were later assimilated into Croats and Serbs ) refugees who strove to expand their rights as a major contributor in the defense of the land.

In 1737, the Vlach Statute was formally abolished.

It was divided into Serbian ( Illyrian ), German ( Volksdeutscher ) and Romanian ( Vlach ) sections.

Taking into account his aggressive ambition and statements suggesting he dreamed of world conquest, most historians agree that Mehmed the Conqueror was initially interested in occupying Hungary and expanding as far into Europe as possible but was thwarted by the defeat at Belgrade and contained by Matthias ' military strength as well as fierce resistance by Vlach vassals.

His father Đorđe Nuša was a well known grain merchant of Cincar ( Aromanian or Vlach ) origin who lost his wealth shortly after his son's birth and was forced to move the family to Smederevo where young Alkibijad attended elementary school and first two grades of boarding school.

The Vlach languages, also called the Eastern Romance languages, have a common origin from the Proto-Romanian language.

Over time, the term Vlach ( and its different forms ) also acquired different meanings, like " shepherd " – from the occupation of many of the Vlachs throughout Central and Eastern Europe.

The term Vlach can also be found in certain placenames where Roman descendants continued to live after the migrations of Germans and Slavs into new territories, for example Laško in Slovenia.

There are also some Romanian substratum words in languages other than Romanian, these examples having entered via Romanian ( Vlach ) dialects.

The largest centre of Vlach life in Greece, Metsovo is bypassed by GR-6 ( Ioannina-Trikala ) and also by Egnatia Odos Motorway.

Similarities have also been noted with some Vlach cultures such as the Moravian Wallachians in the Czech Republic, as well as some cultures in Romania.

But, in the cases of the Basarab and Asenid dynasties, some historians consider them Vlach ( Romanian ) dynasties They also played an active role in Byzantium, Hungary, and Serbia, with Cuman immigrants being integrated into each country's elite.

For example, Thocomer, by name apparently a Cuman warlord ( also known as Tihomir, he might have been a Bulgarian noble ), was possibly the first one to unite the Vlach states from the west and the east of the Olt River, and his son Basarab is considered the first ruler of the united and independent Wallachia.

( See also Walha and the etymology of Vlach ).

Litovoi, also Litvoy, was a Vlach voivode in the 13th century whose territory comprised northern Oltenia ( Romania ).

Seneslau, also Seneslav or Stănislau, was a Vlach voivode mentioned in a diploma issued by king Béla IV of Hungary ( 1235 – 1270 ) on 2 July 1247 ; the diploma granted territories to the Knights Hospitaller in the Banate of Severin and Cumania.

In practice, most of the followers of the IMRO were Bulgarians, though they also had some Aromanian supporters, like Pitu Guli, Mitre The Vlach, Ioryi Mucitano and Alexandar Coshca.

Over time, the term Vlach ( and its different forms ) also acquired different meanings, like " shepherd " – from the occupation of many of the Vlachs throughout Central and Eastern Europe.

Beside of animal breeding he also formed the first Roma-choir ( 1774 ), selected out of his numerous Roma serfs ( it were Xeladitka also called Russka Rom, not as sometimes thought imported slaves from Moldavië ( Vlach ) or from Oekraine ( Servi-Rom ).

The Gesta also narrates that Tétény occupied the land of Transylvania from the Vlach ( Romanian ) Duke Gelou ; neither Tétény nor Gelou are mentioned in other primary sources.

According to Ottoman traveler, Evliya Chelebi, who visited the town in 1666, most of its inhabitants spoke local Slavic language and Turkish language, while some also spoke Vlach.

In other countries, the native Vlach population have been completely assimilated by the Slavic population and therefore ceased to exist: Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bosnia and Montenegro.

The word Vlach is ultimately of Germanic origin, from the word Walha, " foreigner ", " stranger ", a name used by ancient Germanic peoples to refer to Romance-speaking and Celtic neighbours.

However, at this time they became outnumbered by the Serb, Croat and Vlach refugees / immigrants.

The modern version of the soft spreadable bryndza is believed to have been developed by enterpreneurs from Stará Turá ( Western Slovakia ) toward the end of the 18th century who founded bryndza manufactures in mountainous regions of Central and Northern Slovakia where sheep cheese production had deep roots of the Vlach tradition, and traded with it, popularizing bryndza all around the Austrian monarchy.

CICR is a consultative body in the Council of the Municipality of Kumanovo and is formed by 12 representatives from the following ethnic groups: Macedonian, Albanian, Roma, Serbian, Turkish and Vlach.

* Chorągiew wołoska ( Vlach banner ), light cavalry, not only formed by Vlachs.

* Barba Yorgos ( Μπάρμπα Γιώργος, " Uncle George "), he represents a crude villager from the mountains, depicted as a shepherd or dairy farmer usually on some business related visit in the lowlands ; he is depicted as a Vlach from Rumeli uncontaminated by urban trends, always depicted broad built and strong with traditional outfit.

Khotyn was first mentioned in 1310, as a residence of a catholic bishop, being held in the first half of the 14th century by the Kingdom of Poland, which intended to impose Catholicism on the local Vlach communities, mentioned there in the 10th-13th centuries.