* 1925 – Paul von Hindenburg defeats Wilhelm Marx in the second round of the German presidential election to become the first directly elected head of state of the Weimar Republic.

* 1919 – The constitution of the Weimar Republic is adopted.

First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701 – 1918 ), the German Empire ( 1871 – 1918 ), the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ) and the Third Reich ( 1933 – 1945 ).

Each of the national governments based in Berlin — the 1871 German Empire, the Weimar Republic, Nazi Germany, East Germany, and now the reunified Germany — initiated ambitious ( re -) construction programs, with each adding its own distinctive style to the city's architecture.

Germany's defeat in World War I, the fall of the German monarchy and the abolition of censorship under the new, liberal Weimar Republic allowed an upsurge of radical experimentation in all the arts, previously suppressed by the old regime.

Since the Weimar Republic lacked the quantity of raw materials available to the United States and Great Britain, it had to rely on the proficiency of a skilled labor force and an ability to export innovative and high quality goods.

In order to endorse its republican and liberal tradition, the song was chosen for national anthem of Germany in 1922, during the Weimar Republic.

The capitulation was blamed upon the unpatriotic populace, the socialism | Socialists, Bolshevism | Bolsheviks, the Weimar Republic, and especially the Jews.

A 1924 right-wing German political cartoon showing Philipp Scheidemann, the Social Democratic Party of Germany | German Social Democratic politician who proclaimed the Weimar Republic and was its second Chancellor, and Matthias Erzberger, an anti-war politician from the Centre Party ( Germany ) | Centre Party, who signed the Armistice with Germany ( Compiègne ) | armistice with the Allies ( World War I ) | Allies, as stabbing the German Army in the back

When the Nazis came to power in 1933 they made the legend an integral part of their official history of the 1920s, portraying the Weimar Republic as the work of the " November criminals " who used the stab in the back to seize power while betraying the nation.

These November Criminals, or those who seemed to benefit from the newly formed Weimar Republic, were seen to have " stabbed them in the back " on the home front, by either criticizing German nationalism, instigating unrest and strikes in the critical military industries or profiteering.

Reichspräsident Friedrich Ebert: ( 1923 ), as Provisional President of the Weimar Republic in 1919, he contributed to the myth, in telling home-coming veterans that “ no enemy has vanquished you ”.

On November 11, 1918, the representatives of the newly formed Weimar Republic signed an armistice with the Allies which would end World War I.

The Weimar Republic under Friedrich Ebert violently suppressed workers ' uprisings with the help of Gustav Noske and Reichswehr General Groener, and tolerated the paramilitary Freikorps forming all across Germany.

The Dolchstoß was a central image in propaganda produced by the many right-wing and traditionally conservative political parties that sprang up in the early days of the Weimar Republic, including Hitler's NSDAP.

Category: Weimar Republic

The new movement saw German cinema return to international critical significance for the first time since the end of the Weimar Republic.

The FDP was founded on 11 December 1948 through the merger of nine regional liberal parties formed in 1945 from the remnants of the pre-1933 German People's Party ( DVP ) and the German Democratic Party ( DDP ), which had been active in the Weimar Republic.

Fertility is not shown before 1950. Notable features before that time are fertility being extremely low during the ending years of the Weimar Republic, when it dropped down to about 1. 1 child per woman in 1933.

* Reichswehr ( 1919 – 1935 ), armed forces of the Weimar Republic

This Constructive Vote of No Confidence is intended to avoid the situation of the Weimar Republic in which the executive did not have enough support in the legislature to govern effectively, but the legislature was too divided to name a successor.

Category: Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic

The German Revolution of 1918 – 19 deposed the emperor and the kings, leading to the establishment of the Weimar Republic, an unstable parliamentary democracy.

Also used by Weimar Republic foreign services ( 1922 – 33 )

Philipp Scheidemann proclaims a Weimar Republic | German Republic on 9 November 1918.

Hitler and his associates planned to use Munich as a base for a big march against Germany's Weimar Republic government.

* Autobahnen -- The " autobahns ", a freeway system planned by the Weimar Republic but constructed by Nazi Germany.

They had been planned under the Weimar Republic, but he stole the credit for them.

Up to 1938 he designed the " Ordensburg " in Sonthofen, planned Gau Forums in Weimar and Augsburg, and the " university " for the NSDAP at Chiemsee.

Against the background of the economic and political fall of the Weimar Republic he developed a universal and global adaptable planning system ( The new town center, 1944 ), which planned a gradual dissolution of major cities and a complete penetration of landscape and settlement.

He remarried bigamously, but re-established contact in the mid-1920s when he wrote to Bridget asking her to send William to Weimar Republic's Germany for a visit.

Weimar Germany, for example, in its constitution provided for a popularly elected president with theoretically dominant executive powers that were intended to be exercised only in emergencies, and a cabinet appointed by him from the Reichstag, which was expected, in normal circumstances, to be answerable to the Reichstag.

Although he was opposing Hitler, the deteriorating political stability of the Weimar Republic let him play an important role in the Nazi Party's rise to power.

Goethe's endorsement was a major factor behind Johanna's quick social success: Johanna was the first upper-class woman in Weimar society to willingly open the doors of her house to Goethe's wife, Christiane Vulpius, who was of lower-class background and a mistress of Goethe's before legally marrying him during the French invasion.

During the years of the Weimar Republic ( 1919 – 1933 ), his political commentaries gained him a reputation as a fervent supporter of democracy and a pluralistic society.

He then returned to his home in Kassel, but enemy bombing and the Allied advance into western Germany made him decide to move his family, first to Solz, a village south of Kassel, then to Weimar, then to Bayreuth, and finally back to the sanatorium at Bad Tölz where he had stayed several times before.

His essay on Zola and the novel Der Untertan earned him much respect during the Weimar Republic, since it satirized German society and explained how its political system had led to the First World War.

He was condemned by the Mainz Commission ; the Grand Duke of Weimar was compelled to deprive him of his professorship ; and he was forbidden to lecture on philosophy.

Winckelmann, in luxurious undress, by Anton von Maron, 1768: an engraving of an Antinous lies before him ( Schlossmuseum Weimar )

The fame which this publication acquired him led to his being engaged by Schütz and Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland to prepare an Allgemeines Repertorium der Literatur, published in 8 volumes ( Jena and Weimar, 1793 – 1809 ), which condensed the literary productions of 15 years ( 1785 – 1800 ), and included an account not merely of the books published during that period, but also of articles in periodicals and magazines, and even of the criticisms to which each book had been subjected.

The decree invoked the President's power under Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution, which allowed him to take any appropriate measure to remedy dangers to public safety without the prior consent of the Reichstag.

When Liszt visited Berlin in December 1855, he arranged, on the recommendation of Bülow, to teach Reubke piano and composition from February 1856 in Weimar, and allowed him to live at the Altenburg house he kept.

Many people tried to get him involved in the chaotic politics of the Weimar Republic.

His travels sent him to London, Chatham, Scotland, and the continent at least two times, including Paris in 1791 and Weimar, Germany from 1792 to 1793.

In 1804 he accepted the post of librarian to Amalia, Dowager Duchess of Weimar, which gave him the leisure he desired for the purpose of turning to account the literary and archaeological researches in which he had engaged at Rome.

His father introduced him to Franz Liszt in Weimar at the age of 14.

King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony followed him into abdication and the erstwhile Kingdom of Saxony became the Free State of Saxony within the newly-formed Weimar Republic.

These works, which were much discussed, together with Lenbach's recommendation, gained him his appointment as professor at the Weimar academy.

Blaskowitz's war service secured him a place in the postwar Reichswehr during the Weimar Republic, through whose ranks he rose until 1938, when Adolf Hitler sacked virtually all the other senior generals.

D ' Albert, retaining his early enthusiasm for German culture and music (" hearing Tristan und Isolde had a greater influence on him than the education he received from his father or ... at the National Training School for Music ") changed his first name from Eugène to Eugen and emigrated to Germany, where he became a pupil of the elderly Liszt in Weimar.

At the end of the Second World War, he went to Germany as a journalist, and it is to him that we owe the retrieving of Goethe's and Schiller's coffins, which had disappeared from Weimar in 1943 / 44.

In 1790, he returned to Weimar, where Goethe obtained employment for him.

Broken in health and ruined in fortune he returned in 1820 to Weimar, where he was again cordially received by Goethe, who reinstated him at the theatre.

Benedict was born in Stuttgart, the son of a Jewish banker, and learnt composition from Johann Nepomuk Hummel at Weimar and Carl Maria von Weber at Dresden ; it was Weber who introduced him in Vienna to Beethoven on 5 October 1823.

In 1885 Stavenhagen became a pupil of Franz Liszt in Weimar, travelling with him to Rome, Budapest, Paris, London and Bayreuth.