The Gregorian calculation of Easter was based on a method devised by the Calabrian doctor Aloysius Lilius ( or Lilio ) for adjusting the epacts of the moon, and has been adopted by almost all Western Christians and by Western countries who celebrate national holidays at Easter.

Similar to the Western card game rummy, mahjong is a game of skill, strategy and calculation and involves a certain degree of chance.

Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet – German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.

# Its date varies from year to year ( by the Western system of calculation, it can fall on any of 35 different dates of the Gregorian calendar ).

One difference between Eastern Christianity and Western Christianity is the calculation of the date of Easter ( see Computus ).

Since the 16th century, there have been differences in the calculation of Easter between the Western and Eastern Churches.

Most Western analysts believed that official Czechoslovak methods of calculation tended to overstate considerably the value of trade conducted in transferable rubles, i. e., with Comecon partners, and to underestimate the value of hard currency trade with non-communist countries.

Only the Orthodox Church of Finland has adopted the Western calculation of the date of Pascha ( see computus ); all other Orthodox Churches, and a number of Eastern Catholic Churches, celebrate Pascha at the same time, according to the ancient rules.

Chinese astrology has a close relation with Chinese philosophy ( theory of the three harmony, heaven, earth and water ) and uses the principles of yin and yang and concepts that are not found in Western astrology, such as the wu xing teachings, the 10 Celestial stems, the 12 Earthly Branches, the lunisolar calendar ( moon calendar and sun calendar ), and the time calculation after year, month, day and shichen ( 時辰 ).

The term wasan, from wa (" Japan ") and san (" calculation "), was coined in the 1870s and employed to distinguish native Japanese mathematics theory from Western mathematics ( 洋算 yōsan ).

Western Christianity never adopted an Anno Mundi epoch system, relying instead on the Anno Domini ( AD ) epoch system, though AM dating continued to be important in theology since such dating was of direct relevance to the calculation of the Last Judgment ; Bede, for instance, in De Temporum Ratione, recalculates the birth of Jesus at 3952 AM, " thus postponing the date of the apocalypse over 1200 years to 2048 AD.

For example the United States uses NTSC-M, the UK uses PAL-I, France uses SECAM-L, much of Western Europe and Australia uses PAL-B / G, most of Eastern Europe uses PAL-D / K or SECAM-D / K and so on.

Standard Danish has two genders and the definite form of nouns is formed by the use of suffixes, while Western Jutlandic has only one gender and the definite form of nouns uses an article before the noun itself, in the same fashion as West Germanic languages.

DanceWriting uses figurative and abstract symbols on a five-line staff ( the Western music notation staff ).

The theorist Anthony D. Smith uses the term ' ethnic nationalism ' for non-Western concepts of nationalism as opposed to Western views of a nation defined by its geographical territory.

Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, for example, uses deconstruction to create an ethics of opening up Western scholarship to the voice of the subaltern and to philosophies outside of the canon of western texts.

More recent uses include: by France during the First Indochina War ( 1946 – 1954 ), the Algerian War ( 1954 – 1962 ), the Portuguese Colonial War ( 1961 – 1974 ) and the Western Sahara War ( 1975 – 1991 ), The Six-Day War by Israel ( 1967 ), in Nigeria ( 1969 ), India and Pakistan ( 1965 and 1971 ), Turkey during the invasion of Cyprus ( 1974 ), by Morocco during the Western Sahara War ( 1975 – 1991 ), Iran ( 1980 – 88 ), Brazil ( 1972 ), Egypt ( 1973 ), Iraq ( 1980 – 88, 1991, 2003 – 2011 ), Angola ( 1993 ), Yugoslavia ( 1991-1996 ), and by Argentina ( 1982 ).

During and after the Second World War there were scattered European uses of Western settings, mostly for comedy or even musical comedy.

The average American uses of tissue paper per year which is 50 % more than the average of Western countries or Japan.

If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere.

Comhairle nan Eilean Siar ( formerly the Western Isles Council ) uses the alternative Gaelic designation Comhairle.

As a result, Western music students trained in historical musicology may listen to a funk or Latin song that is very rhythmically complex, but then dismiss it as a low-level musical work because it has a very simple melody and only uses two or five chords.

The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, although some notable examples ( e. g. the later Westerns of John Ford or Clint Eastwood's Unforgiven ) are more morally ambiguous.

Therefore this article uses the term " modern Western square dance " to describe the contemporary non-historical dance which grew out of the traditional dance.

Western Spotted Skunk also called a zorrillo, which means ' little fox ' in Spanish. Skunks are reluctant to use this weapon, as they carry just enough of the chemical for five or six uses – about 15 cc – and require some ten days to produce another supply.

To this end, it uses politico-military tools such as " maskirovka " ( Russian: " маскировка " camouflage ), or strategic politico-military deception, to pre-emptively and deniably prepare the battlespace for the initiation of hostilities, as well as the liberal use of special operations forces ( Spetznaz ), the inclusion of intelligence gathering personnel as combatants ( for example, the former KGB had military ranks, where Western intelligence agencies did not ), and use of politics as warfare by other means, such as through disinformation, psychological operations, and propaganda.

The Indian numbering system also uses separators differently from the Western system besides the three least significant digits of the integer part, a comma divides every two rather than every three digits, thus:

Yucca Mountain and surrounding lands were central in the lives of the Southern Paiute, Western Shoshone, and Owens Valley Paiute and Shoshone peoples, who shared them for religious ceremonies, resource uses, and social events.

Although the melody is based on a traditional mode of Japanese court music, it is composed in a mixed style influenced by Western hymns, and uses some elements of the Fenton arrangement.

For example, the Gregorian calendar has no inherent dependence on the seven-day week, but in Western society the two are used together, and calendar tools indicate both the Gregorian date and the day of week.

Due to the Gregorian calendar's obvious connotations of Western Christianity, non-Christians and even some Christians sometimes replace the traditional era notations " AD " and " BC " (" Anno Domini " and " Before Christ ") with " CE " and " BCE " (" Common Era " and " Before Common Era ").

Modern dates are understood in the Western world to be in the Gregorian calendar, but for older dates writers should specify the calendar used.

Dates in the Gregorian calendar in the Western world have always used the era designated in English as Anno Domini or Common Era.

In Western Christianity, using the Gregorian calendar, Easter always falls on a Sunday between 22 March and 25 April, inclusively.

Among the Oriental Orthodox some churches have changed from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar and the date for Easter as for other fixed and moveable feasts is the same as in the Western church.

Western musical notation was originally created to preserve the lines of Gregorian chant, which before its invention was taught as an oral tradition in monastic communities.

With the expansion of Western culture to many other places in the world during recent centuries, the Gregorian calendar has been adopted by many other countries as the official calendar, and the 1 January date of New Year has become global, even in countries with their own New Year celebrations on other days ( such as China and India ).

# The Eastern and Western Christian churches calculate Pascha using two different calendars ( Julian and Gregorian, respectively ); hence in most years Easter is celebrated on a different date in the East and the West.

* 1752 – Great Britain adopts the Gregorian calendar, nearly two centuries later than most of Western Europe.

* January 1 Protestant Western Europe ( except England ) starts using the Gregorian calendar

The date of Easter usually differs between Eastern and Western Christianity, because the calculations are based on the Julian calendar and Gregorian calendar respectively.

The date varies from year to year in the Western Gregorian calendar, but usually falls in April or May.

However, whereas Western Christians follow the Gregorian Calendar in their calculations, the Orthodox calculate the fixed date of 21 March according to the Julian Calendar, and observe the additional rule that Easter may not precede or coincide with the first day of the Jewish Passover ( see computus for further details ).

According to the correlation between the Long Count and Western calendars accepted by the great majority of Maya researchers ( known as the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson, or GMT, correlation ), this starting-point is equivalent to August 11, 3114 BCE in the proleptic Gregorian calendar or 6 September in the Julian calendar (− 3113 astronomical ).

Most countries in Western Europe officially adopted January 1 as New Year's Day somewhat before they adopted the Gregorian calendar.

Through its subsidiary label Archiv Produktion it also stimulated interest in Western medieval and renaissance music, 15th – 16th century choral polyphony, Gregorian chant, and pioneering use of historical instruments and performance practices in recordings.

The common Western calendar, i. e. the Gregorian calendar, has been defined with counting origin 1.

The Dionysian / Bedan computus remained in use in Western Europe until the Gregorian calendar reform, and remains in use in most Eastern Churches, including most Eastern Orthodox Churches and Oriental Orthodox Churches.