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The " Winter of Discontent " is an expression, popularised by the British media, referring to the winter of 1978 – 79 in the United Kingdom, during which there were widespread strikes by local authority trade unions demanding larger pay rises for their members, because the Labour government of James Callaghan sought to hold a pay freeze to control inflation.
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Winter and Discontent
Government opposition to Trade unionism in the United Kingdom was a major factor in economic crises during the 1960s and in particular the 1970s, culminating some would argue in the Winter of Discontent of late 1978 and early 1979, when a significant percentage of the nation's public sector workers went on strike.
By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.
After the Winter of Discontent and the subsequent fall of the Labour government, many corners of the public and media believed that the trade unions were running the Labour Party-an image which Neil Kinnock was keen to shake off after becoming party leader in 1983.
* In John Steinbeck's novel The Winter of Our Discontent, the protagonist Ethan Hawley describes a mandrake root in his family's collection of curios collected on whaling voyages, "[...] We even had a mandrake root-a perfect little man, sprouted from the death-ejected sperm of a hanged man [...]".
This line of argument partly blames Wilson for the civil unrest of the late 1970s ( during Britain's Winter of Discontent ), and for the electoral success of the Conservative party and its ensuing 18-year rule.
Industrial disputes and widespread strikes in the " Winter of Discontent " of 1978 – 79, made Callaghan's government unpopular and the defeat of the referendum on devolution for Scotland led to the passage of a motion of no confidence on 28 March 1979.
Ironically, if the proposals had become law, many of the activities of the trades unions during the Winter of Discontent a decade later would have been illegal.
The trade unions rejected continued pay restraint and in a succession of strikes over the winter of 1978 – 79 ( known as the Winter of Discontent ) secured higher pay.
Callaghan also later admitted in regard to the Winter of Discontent that he had " let the country down ".
The Winter of Discontent saw Labour's performance in the opinion polls slump dramatically.
He also admitted in this interview that he " must carry the can " for the Winter of Discontent.
During the Labour government's 1979 Winter of Discontent, refuse collectors went on strike.
The Winter of Discontent of 1978 – 79 was portrayed by the New Right as illustrative of the overextension of the state.
There was a less significant strike by firefighters in the Winter of Discontent ( late 1978 and early 1979 ), where once again the Green Goddesses were drafted in to cover ; it is largely forgotten by many as it occurred at a time when a significant percentage of public sector workers were on strike.
James Callaghan, the serving Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | Prime Minister during the Winter of Discontent.
The phrase " Winter of Discontent " is from the opening line of William Shakespeare's Richard III: " Now is the Winter of our Discontent / Made glorious summer by this sun of York …", and was first applied to the events of the winter by Robin Chater, a writer at Incomes Data Report.
* Secret History: Winter of Discontent ( Mentorn Productions for Channel Four, 1998 )
de: Winter of Discontent
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Labour lost the general election to the Conservatives ( led by Margaret Thatcher ) in May 1979, following the Winter of Discontent in which Britain had been brought to a virtual standstill by endless public sector strikes.
The phrase " Winter of Discontent " is an expression, popularised by the British media, referring to the winter of 1978 – 79 in the United Kingdom, during which there were widespread strikes by local authority trade unions demanding larger pay rises for their members.
Winter and is
* Austin & Ally is an American sitcom that first aired on the Disney Channel in Winter 2011.
The World Financial Center's ground floor and portions of the second floor are occupied by a mall ; its center point is a steel-and-glass atrium known as the Winter Garden.
The southern section, extending down from the Winter Garden, is the more densely populated region, containing Gateway Plaza, and Rector Place apartment buildings.
Winter is punctuated with rainstorms of varying ferocity and duration, but also produces stretches of bright sunny days and clear cold nights.
There is also a track on the accompanying EP Vempire or Dark Faerytales in Phallustein titled " Queen Of Winter Throned " which contains the lyrics: " Iniquitous / I share Carmilla's mask / A gaunt mephitic voyeur / On the black side of the glass ".
It is then revealed that Captain America, Nick Fury, and Black Widow are the only ones who know that Bucky actually survived the fight with Skadi as Bucky resumes his identity as Winter Soldier.
Winter term is celebrated by Winter Carnival, a tradition started in 1911 by the Dartmouth Outing Club to promote winter sports.
* 1939 – Winter War: The Soviet Union is expelled from the League of Nations for invading Finland.
" This concern runs through all of his works, from Psychoanalysis and Transversality ( a collection of articles from 1957 to 1972 ), through Years of Winter ( 1980 – 1986 ) and Schizoanalytic Cartographies ( 1989 ), to his collaboration with Deleuze, What is Philosophy?
Figure skating is an official event in the Winter Olympic Games.
There is a strong possibility that it will be played at the 2013 Special Olympics World Winter Games.
The world's southmost harbor, located at Antarctica's Winter Quarters Bay ( 77 ° 50 ′ South ), is potentially ice-free, depending on the summertime pack ice conditions.
He is then reborn on Winter Solstice, December 21.
* 1905 – According to the Julian calendar which is used at the time, Russian workers stage a march on the Winter Palace that ends in the massacre by Czarist troops known as Bloody Sunday, setting off the Revolution of 1905.
Kuwait's Winter is colder compared to all the other Persian Gulf countries like Bahrain, Qatar or UAE.
Winter travel is close to impossible in many of the more remote and high-altitude regions.
Following a 1 – 0 victory against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge in February 2011, described by Alan Smith as " a quite brilliant display in terms of discipline and spirit " and a " defensive masterplan " by David Pleat, Henry Winter wrote, " it can only be a matter of time before he is confirmed as long-term manager ".
Winter is the rainy season, with major precipitation falling after December.
With the large number and variety of birds present, the area is very popular with bird watchers, particularly in the Autumn and Winter.
As previously mentioned, Albert's son, Kenny, is also a sports commentator, as he calls baseball and football for Fox, New York Rangers games on the radio, and has been one of NBC's commentators for ice hockey at the Winter Olympics, as well as NBC's NHL coverage.
This room is a miniature reconstruction of the study of Tsar Nicolas II from the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia.
* In Ireland, November 1 is regarded as the first day of Winter.
* 1939 – Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates the incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later.
Another of Eisenstein's films, 1927's October, depicted the Bolshevik perspective on the October Revolution, culminating in the storming of the Winter Palace which provided Soviet viewers with the victory that the workers and peasants lacked in Battleship Potemkin, ending with Lenin ( as played by an unknown worker ) declaring that the government is overthrown.
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