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The Yamasee Archeological Project was launched in 1989 to study Yamasee village sites in South Carolina.
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Yamasee and was
The Ochese Creeks joined the Yamasee, burning trade-posts and raiding back-country settlers, but the revolt ran low on gunpowder and was put down by Carolinian militia and their Cherokee allies.
The colony of Georgia was created in 1732 ; its first settlement, Savannah, was founded the following year, on a river bluff where the Yamacraw, a Yamasee band that remained allies of England, allowed John Musgrove to establish a fur-trading post.
The town takes its name from the Native American tribe of the same name, the Yamasee, which was the most important Indian ally of South Carolina until the Yamasee War of 1715.
South Carolina had never been able to gain control of the area, but after the Yamasee War the Georgia coast was effectively cleared of Native Americans, excepting a few villages of defeated Yamasee, who became known as the Yamacraw to distinguish them from the still-hostile Yamasee in Florida and among the Creek
After suffering decimation by disease, the tribe was destroyed by Creek and Yamasee raiders early in the 18th century.
The coast of future Georgia was occupied by British-allied Yamasee Indians until they were decimated in the Yamasee War of 1715 – 1717.
However, William Sturtevant argued that the " Yamasee " and " Guale " data was actually Creek, and that the language ( s ) spoken by the Yamasee and Guale people remain unknown.
It was also the scene of skirmishes during the Yamasee War and the Revolutionary War.
Before the Yamasee War of 1715, land was set aside for the Yamasee along several rivers including the Combahee.
The Tacatacuru relocated closer to St. Augustine, and Cumberland Island was thereafter occupied by the Yamasee.
The Yamasee War ( also spelled Yemassee War ) ( 1715 – 1717 ) was a conflict between British settlers of colonial South Carolina and various Native American Indian tribes, including the Yamasee, Muscogee, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree, Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others.
The Yamasee War was one of the most disruptive and transformational conflicts of colonial America.
Within the week, a large Yamasee army was preparing to engage a rapidly assembled South Carolinian militia.
The Yamasee War was the first major test of South Carolina's militia.
The Cherokee claimed that the Creek delegation was in fact a war party of hundreds of Creek and Yamasee, and that they had nearly succeeded in ambushing the South Carolinian forces.
Diego Peña was told in 1716-1717 that the Tuskegee also spoke Yamasee.
This was based upon a colonial report that a Yamasee spy within a Hitchiti town could understand Hitichiti and was not detected as a Yamasee.
Yamasee and village
The Hernando de Soto expedition of 1540 traveled into Yamasee territory, including the village of Altamaha.
Yamasee and South
* 1715 – Pocotaligo Massacre triggers the start of the Yamasee War in colonial South Carolina.
* 1715 – The Yamasee War begins in South Carolina.
After the violent upheavals of the Yamasee War of 1715-1717, and the Tuscarora War of 1711-1715, families of Algonquian Waccamaw left South Carolina Colony in 1718.
Complaints that the proprietors had not done enough to protect the colonists against Indians in the Yamasee War, and against the attacks of the neighboring Spanish in Queen Anne's War, convinced many in South Carolina of the necessity of ending proprietary rule.
This circumstance, coupled with the Tuscarora War and the Yamasee War, and the inability of the Lords Proprietors to act decisively, led to separate governments for North and South Carolina.
In 1702 South Carolina Governor Col. James Moore raised a militia of 50 colonists and 1, 000 Yamasee and Ochese Creek warriors.
After siding with the Province of South Carolina in the Tuscarora War of 1711 – 1715, the Cherokee had turned on their British allies at the outbreak of the Yamasee War of 1715 – 1717, until switching sides, once again, midway through the war.
During the Yamasee War of 1715-1717, South Carolina faced near annihilation due to Indian attacks.
The Yamasee had been strong military allies of South Carolina colonists for many years.
Tribes that sent warriors to South Carolina's armies included the Yamasee, Catawba, Yuchi, Apalachee, Cusabo, Wateree, Sugaree, Waxhaw, Congraree, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, Saxapahaw, Cherokee, and various proto-Creek groups.
Essentially all of the tribes that helped South Carolina during the Tuscarora War joined in attacking settlers in the colony during the Yamasee War, just two or three years later.
The Yamasee emerged during the 17th century in the contested frontier between South Carolina and Spanish Florida.
At first allied with the Spanish, the Yamasee moved north in the late 17th century and soon became South Carolina's most important Indian ally.
The Yamasee had been granted a large land reserve on the southern borders of South Carolina, and settlers began to covet their land, which they deemed ideal for rice plantations.
The government sent a party to the main Upper Yamasee town of Pocotaligo ( near present-day Yemassee, South Carolina ).
During the night, as the South Carolinians slept, the Yamasee debated over what to do.
Yamasee and Carolina
* The Province of Carolina goes to war with the Yamasee Native Americans.
In 1704 – 06, Carolina Governor Col. James Moore led colonial militia and Ochese Creek and Yamasee warriors in raids that destroyed the Spanish missions of the Florida interior ; they captured some 10, 000 unarmed ' mission Indians ,' the Timucua and Apalachee, and sold them into slavery.
By 1707, colonial soldiers from the Province of Carolina and their Yamasee Indian allies had killed or carried off nearly all the remaining native inhabitants, having conducted a series of raids extending the full length of the peninsula.
After the outbreak of open war between Spain and England in 1702, slaving raids by Uchise Creek and Yamasee Indians allied with the English Province of Carolina began reaching far down the Florida peninsula.
* South Carolina Forts ; Yamasee War era forts include Willtown Fort, Passage Fort, Saltcatchers Fort, Fort Moore, and Benjamin Schenckingh's Fort.
Yamasee and .
It gave rise to a series of devastating wars among the tribes, including the Yamasee War.
* January 27 – The Tugaloo Massacre changes the course of the Yamasee War.
Most went to Cuba, including the entire governmental records from St. Augustine, although some Christianized Yamasee were resettled to the coast of Mexico.
Cherokees fought with the Yamasee, Catawba, and British in late 1712 and early 1713 against the Tuscarora in the Second Tuscarora War.
In January 1716, Cherokee murdered a delegation of Muscogee Creek leaders at the town of Tugaloo, marking their entry into the Yamasee War.
The Lower Towns, along the Chattahoochee, Flint, and Apalachicola rivers, and further east along the Ocmulgee and Oconee rivers, were Coweta, Cusseta ( Kasihta, Cofitachiqui ), Upper Chehaw ( Chiaha ), Hitchiti, Oconee, Ocmulgee, Okawaigi, Apalachee, Yamasee ( Altamaha ), Ocfuskee, Sawokli, and Tamali.
With Florida depopulated, English traders paid other tribes to attack and enslave the Yamasee, leading to the Yamassee War of 1715 – 17.
The Yamasee took refuge in Spanish Florida, the Ochese Creeks fled west to the Chattahoochee.
Fearing they would come under French influence, the British reopened the deerskin trade with the Lower Creeks, antagonizing the Yamasee, now allies of Spain.
Ca. 1750 a group of Ochese moved to the neutral zone, after clashing with the Muskogee-speaking towns of the Chattahoochee, where they had fled after the Yamasee War.
Led by Chief Secoffee ( Cowkeeper ), they became the center of a new tribal confederacy, the Seminole, which grew to include earlier refugees from the Yamasee War, remnants of the ' mission Indians ,' and escaped African slaves.
In 1715, the Yamasee moved into Florida as allies of the Spanish, after conflicts with the English colonies.
The Lower Towns included Coweta, Cusseta ( Kasihta, Cofitachequi ), Upper Chehaw ( Chiaha ), Hitchiti, Oconee, Ocmulgee, Okawaigi, Apalachee, Yamasee ( Altamaha ), Ocfuskee, Sawokli, and Tamali.
All of the Florida tribes were also severely affected by the raids of Creeks and Yamasee during the late stages of the seventeenth century.
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