The Zohar instead declared Man to be the lord of the creation, whose immortality is solely dependent upon his morality.

The author of the Zohar drew upon the Bible commentaries written by medieval rabbis, including Rashi, Abraham ibn Ezra, David Kimhi and even authorities as late as Nahmanides and Maimonides.

In the Jewish view this indicates more, that the teaching of the Sod in the book of the Zohar was not invented in the Tannaic period, but rather it is a tradition from ancient times which Rashbi and his Chevraya Kadisha used and upon which they built and founded their Kabbalah, and also that its roots are in the Torah that was given by Hashem to Moshe on Sinai.

Tanya is primarily mystical and expounds upon the Zohar.

Nevertheless, in many cases he comes out strongly against the rulings, saying " we have no business with mysticism " and rejecting rulings based upon the Zohar and the Kabbalah more generally.

A baraita offers, as justification for the ritual of hand-washing after waking, the belief that a spirit of impurity rests upon each person during the night, and will not leave until the person's hands are washed, and the Zohar argues that body is open to demonic possession during sleep because the soul temporarily leaves the body during it ; the kabbalah argues that death awaits anyone who walks more than four yards from their bed without ablution.

Teachings of Rebbe Shimon Bar Yochai, both from the Talmud and the Zohar, are generally expounded upon by Rebbes at their tishen.

Spanish and Portuguese Jews preserve an early form of the Sephardic liturgy from before the expulsion from Spain, which reflected some, but only very limited, influence from the Kabbalah and the Zohar.

The Pardes, as it is known, was a systemization of all Kabbalistic thought up to that time and featured the author's attempt at a reconciliation of various early schools with the conceptual teachings of the Zohar in order to demonstrate an essential unity and self-consistent philosophical basis of Kabbalah.

The Zohar (, lit Splendor or Radiance ) is the foundational work in the literature of Jewish mystical thought known as Kabbalah.

Emden argued that the Zohar misquotes passages of Scripture ; misunderstands the Talmud ; contains some ritual observances which were ordained by later rabbinical authorities ; mentions The Crusades against Muslims ( who did not exist in the 2nd century ); uses the expression " esnoga ," a Portuguese term for " synagogue "; and gives a mystical explanation of the Hebrew vowel-points, which were not introduced until long after the Talmudic period.

This theory generally presents de Leon as having been the leader of a mystical school, whose collective effort resulted in the Zohar.

While many original ideas in the Zohar are presented as being from ( fictitious ) Jewish mystical works, many ancient and clearly rabbinic mystical teachings are presented without their real, identifiable sources being named.

Academic studies of the Zohar show that many of its ideas are based in the Talmud, various works of midrash, and earlier Jewish mystical works.

The Zohar assumes four kinds of Biblical text exegesis, from the literal to the more mystical:

In Eros and Kabbalah, Moshe Idel ( Professor of Jewish Mysticism, Hebrew University in Jerusalem ) argues that the fundamental distinction between the rational-philosophic strain of Judaism and mystical Judaism, as exemplified by the Zohar, is the mystical belief that the Godhead is complex, rather than simple, and that divinity is dynamic and incorporates gender, having both male and female dimensions.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, " On the other hand, the Zohar was censured by many rabbis because it propagated many superstitious beliefs, and produced a host of mystical dreamers, whose overexcited imaginations peopled the world with spirits, demons, and all kinds of good and bad influences.

Founded in the 3rd century CE by Plotinus, The Neoplatonist tradition has clear echoes in the Zohar, as indeed in many forms of mystical spirituality, whether Jewish, Christian or Muslim.

* The Zohar in English: some mystical sections

The most powerful effect of this particular Name of God stems from the Jewish mystical book the Zohar, the seminal document of Kabbalah that emerged in 13th century Spain.

Apart from this general Messianic theory, there was another computation, based on an interpreted passage in the Zohar ( a famous Jewish mystical text ), and particularly popular among the Jews, according to which the year 1648 was to be the year of Israel's redemption by their long-awaited Jewish Messiah.

However, the Zohar ( a holy book of the Jewish mystical tradition of Kabbalah ), presents a more pleasant depiction of Azriel.

On successive years, his students sought to recreate that experience of light and mystical revelation by kindling bonfires and studying the Zohar in the light of the flames.

* According to the mystical work, Zohar, when the Messiah appears, he will lead the dispersed Jews back to the Land of Israel, along the road which passes Rachel's grave.

The phrase appears in a small number of other locations in the Talmud and Zohar, but not in the context of a mystical curse.

In addition to the Sefer Yetzirah and the Zohar, other well-known explications of the relation between Ein Sof and all other realities and levels of reality have been formulated by the Jewish mystical thinkers of the Middle Ages, such as Isaac the Blind and Azriel.

Arthur Edward Waite wrote that in the Zohar, which is the foundational work of the Jewish Kabbalah, there lie embedded fragments of a mystical work, Sepher ha-bahir, an anonymous work of Jewish mysticism, attributed to the 1st century, behind which Waite discerned " a single radical and essential thesis which is spoken of in general terms as ' The Mystery of Faith '.

Jews in non-Orthodox Jewish denominations accept the conclusions of historical academic studies on the Zohar and other kabbalistic texts.

( Zohar, Ruth 96 ) Certain Kabbalah texts also add that Moses and Zipporah are buried in the cave.

It is identified as a " Jewish language ", since it is the language of major Jewish texts such as the Talmud and Zohar, and many ritual recitations such as the Kaddish.

The Dor Daim reply to this is that Caro specifically allows the Zohar as a ( limited and subordinate ) source of rulings in Jewish law, so that his code includes practices found in Kabbalistic texts without basis in Talmudic texts.

They are fully found in the Medieval Kabbalah texts, such as the central work in Kabbalah, the Zohar.

Nonetheless, it is clear that this text predates other Kabbalistic texts, including the Zohar ( thirteenth century CE ), the Bahir ( thirteenth century CE as well ), and possibly the Sefer Yetzirah ( fourth century CE ).

In accordance with Rebbe Nachman's teachings, Bender kept a rigorous personal study schedule and completed many key Jewish texts each year, finishing the entire Talmud and Zohar numerous times.

In ancient times, the idea of subterranean realms seemed arguable, and became intertwined with the concept of " places " such as the Greek Hades, the Nordic svartalfheim, the Christian Hell, and the Jewish Sheol ( with details describing inner Earth in Kabalistic literature, such as the Zohar and Hesed L ' Avraham ).

Many medieval religious movements emphasized mysticism, such as the Cathars and related movements in the West, the Jews in Spain ( see Zohar ), the Bhakti movement in India and Sufism in Islam.

While the traditional majority view in religious Judaism has been that the teachings of Kabbalah were revealed by God to Biblical figures such as Abraham and Moses and were then transmitted orally from the Biblical era until its redaction by Shimon ben Yochai, modern academic analysis of the Zohar, such as that by the 20th century religious historian Gershom Scholem, has theorized that De Leon was the actual author.

The view of non-Orthodox Jewish denominations generally conforms to this latter view, and as such, most non-Orthodox Jews have long viewed the Zohar as pseudepigraphy and apocrypha while sometimes accepting that its contents may have meaning for modern Judaism.

The authenticity of the Zohar was accepted by such 16th century Jewish luminaries as R ' Yosef Karo ( d. 1575 ), R ' Moses Isserles ( d. 1572 ), and R ' Solomon Luria ( d. 1574 ), who wrote that Jewish law ( Halacha ) follows the Zohar, except where the Zohar is contradicted by the Babylonian Talmud.

As such, most non-Orthodox Jews have long viewed the Zohar as pseudepigraphy and apocrypha.

The traditional Rabbinic view is that most of the Zohar and the parts included in it ( i. e. those parts mentioned above ) were written and compiled by Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai, but some parts preceded Rashbi and he used them ( such as Sifra deTzni ` uta ; see above ), and some parts were written or arranged in generations after Rashbi's passing ( for example, Tannaim after Rashbi's time are occasionally mentioned ).

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, " The enthusiasm felt for the Zohar was shared by many Christian scholars, such as Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Johann Reuchlin, Aegidius of Viterbo, etc., all of whom believed that the book contained proofs of the truth of Christianity.

They were led to this belief by the analogies existing between some of the teachings of the Zohar and certain Christian dogmas, such as the fall and redemption of man, and the dogma of the Trinity, which seems to be expressed in the Zohar in the following terms:

He would only allude in the most general ways to other great mystics, in Hebrew mekubalim, such as the Baal Shem Tov ( founder of Hasidism ), the great mystic known as the Ari who lived in the late Middle Ages, the founder of Chabad Hasidism, the Baal HaTanya Shneur Zalman of Liadi, Rabbi Mordechai Yosef Leiner of Izbitz and many other great Hasidic masters as well as to the great works of Kabbalah such as the Zohar.

Here, they became neighbours to Spare's old friend Sylvia Pankhurst, with Spare also befriending several local Jews, reading works of Jewish literature such as the Zohar and The Song of Solomon in order to impress them.

1967-1978 President of Hertzliya Studios where he produced critically acclaimed TV shows, such as: " Lul " with Uri Zohar and Arik Einstein, " That is my secret " with Uri Zohar, " Nine square " with Tuvia Tzafir, " That's it " and " Play it " with Dudu Topaz, " Take it or leave it " with Dudo Dotan.

The original Dor Daim, such as Yiḥyah Qafiḥ, condemned the Zohar as an outright forgery and as filled with idolatry, and even organized ceremonial public burnings of the book.

The Zohar, a book of Jewish mysticism, describes his position in Hell as such that he had " tens of thousands of angels of destruction " under him, and that he was " chief of demons in Gehinnon ( Hell ; a more familiar spelling is " Gehenna ") with 12, 000 myriads of attendants, all charged with the punishment of the souls of sinners.

After the Medieval flourishing of Kabbalah, centered around the Zohar, attempts were made to give a complete intellectual system to its theology, such as by Meir ibn Gabbai.