Level II, or conceptual learning, is roughly equivalent to the ability to manipulate and transform inputs, that is, the ability to solve problems.

The advent of magnetic devices, such as the compass and much later, magnetic storage devices, allowed for the creation of far more accurate maps and the ability to store and manipulate them digitally.

Where Whorf reasoned that the sophistication of a language controls the sophistication of the thoughts that can be expressed by a speaker of that language, Engelbart reasoned that the state of our current technology controls our ability to manipulate information, and that fact in turn will control our ability to develop new, improved technologies.

Proto-urban, or even urban settlements, known as oppida, begin to eclipse the old hillforts, and an elite whose position is based on battle-prowess and the ability to manipulate resources re-appears much more distinctly.

Moreover, genetic engineering gives engineers the ability to directly manipulate the genetic materials of organisms using recombinant DNA techniques.

The history of science and technology ( HST ) is a field of history which examines how humanity's understanding of the natural world ( science ) and ability to manipulate it ( technology ) have changed over the centuries.

* Quantitative reasoning ( Gq ) is the ability to comprehend quantitative concepts and relationships and to manipulate numerical symbols.

John Gardner, in The Art of Fiction, cites in this context the work of Barthelme and its " seemingly limitless ability to manipulate techniques as modes of apprehension apprehend nothing.

This ability to manipulate musical data has also introduced the concept of surrogate orchestras, providing a combination of half sequenced MIDI recordings and half musicians to make up an entire orchestral arrangement ; however, scholars believe surrogate orchestras have the possibility of affecting future live musical performances in which the use of live musicians in orchestral arrangements may cease entirely because the composition of music via MIDI recordings proves to be more efficient and less expensive.

* Psionic energy, which is assumed to be an invisible, unknown form of energy generated by all living brains that has the ability to manipulate other forms of matter and energy.

( Note that many giant-sized characters have a limited ability to manipulate gravity to handle their increased weight.

While presumably inspired by the concept of neutron-degenerate matter in the cores of neutron stars, the material used in fiction bears at most only a superficial resemblance, usually depicted as an extremely strong solid under Earth-like conditions, or possessing exotic properties such as the ability to manipulate time and space.

Feynman considered a number of interesting ramifications of a general ability to manipulate matter on an atomic scale.

* Roman jurists clearly separated the legal right to use a thing ( ownership ) from the factual ability to use and manipulate the thing ( possession ).

By the early 1970s, the skinhead subculture started to fade from popular culture, and some of the original skins dropped into new categories, such as the suedeheads ( defined by the ability to manipulate one's hair with a comb ), smoothies ( often with shoulder-length hairstyles ), and bootboys ( with mod-length hair ; associated with gangs and football hooliganism ).

He realized that by giving an audience the ability to manipulate what was projected on their television sets, their role changed from passive observing to interactive manipulation.

In general WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands.

They may have additional features to manipulate configurations, such as the ability to display, modify, backup and restore configurations.

Phonics is a method for teaching reading and writing the English language by developing learners ’ phonemic awareness — the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate phonemes — in order to teach the correspondence between these sounds and the spelling patterns ( graphemes ) that represent them.

More generally, reason in the strict sense requires the ability to create and manipulate a system of symbols, as well as indices and icons, according to Charles Sanders Peirce, the symbols having only a nominal, though habitual, connection to either smoke or fire.

The Phoenix Force has the ability to manipulate cosmic energies and to tap into the life-force reserved for future generations, thus denying them existence.

However, motor impairments are more important than sensory impairments, with the most prevalent impairment being finger dexterity ( ability to manipulate small objects ).

This ability would allow a quantum computer to decrypt many of the cryptographic systems in use today, in the sense that there would be a polynomial time ( in the number of digits of the integer ) algorithm for solving the problem.

In some interpretations of quantum mechanics, counterfactual definiteness ( CFD ) is the ability to speak meaningfully of the definiteness of the results of measurements that have not been performed ( i. e. the ability to assume the existence of objects, and properties of objects, even when they have not been measured ), which is at odds with superdeterminism.

Famous examples of thought experiments include Schrödinger's cat, illustrating quantum indeterminacy through the manipulation of a perfectly sealed environment and a tiny bit of radioactive substance, and Maxwell's demon, which attempts to demonstrate the ability of a hypothetical finite being to violate the second law of thermodynamics.

An important and unique property of quantum distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key.

Moreover, the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation is somewhat limited in its ability to provide correct descriptions, since quantum effects are observable in more everyday circumstances than quantum effects of matter.

This might require quite bizarre laws of physics ( for example, a measurable physical constant with an oracular value, such as Chaitin's constant ), and would at minimum require the ability to measure a real-valued physical value to arbitrary precision despite thermal noise and quantum effects.

This has triggered research to explore the ability of quantum fields to possess such extended negative energy.

) This ability to interfere and diffract is related to coherence ( classical or quantum ) of the wave.

* Counterfactual definiteness, the ability, quantum mechanics, to consider results of unperformed measurements

The ability to tune the size of quantum dots is advantageous for many applications.

An example would be the ability of the quantum hypothesis, proposed by Max Planck in 1900, to account for the observed black-body spectrum, an experimental result which the existing classical Rayleigh – Jeans law could not predict.

The Institute considers it theoretically possible to understand the absolute workings of every aspect of the mind, and the ability to measure this in a specific individual, although Heisenberg's uncertainty principle may apply if it is discovered that the brain's workings on a quantum scale are relevant to the workings of the mind.

The ability of an element to catenate is primarily based on the bond energy of the element to itself, which decreases with more diffuse orbitals ( those with higher azimuthal quantum number ) overlapping to form the bond.

Our ability to extract results from a quantum field theory relies on perturbation theory.

Fred is a normal human woman with no supernatural abilities ; however, her brilliant mathematical mind, immense knowledge of quantum physics and science, and a natural ability in designing inventions make her an important asset of Angel's team ; Wesley once says, while addressing most of Angel's crew, " She's smarter than all of us put together ".

After an encounter with the mysterious Arcadia Deville, she gains the ability to manipulate quantum energy as concussive blasts for a short time, but this power disappears shortly thereafter.

Einselected pointer states are distinguished by their ability to persist in spite of the environmental monitoring and therefore are the ones in which quantum open systems are observed.

Both organic dyes and quantum dyes do not have the ability to recognize the protein of interest without the aid of antibodies, hence they must use immunolabeling.

It is now understood that the ability to describe such processes is one of the most important features of quantum field theory.

She has the ability to perceive and influence parallel quantum dimensions.