This was followed independently by Louis Bachelier in 1900 in his PhD thesis " The theory of speculation ", in which he presented a stochastic analysis of the stock and option markets.

A similar analysis can be done to find the curve followed by the cable supporting a suspension bridge with a horizontal roadway.

While Leonardo's experimentation followed clear scientific methods, a recent and exhaustive analysis of Leonardo as scientist by Frtijof Capra argues that Leonardo was a fundamentally different kind of scientist from Galileo, Newton and other scientists who followed him in that, as a Renaissance Man, his theorising and hypothesising integrated the arts and particularly painting.

When new minerals are discovered, a standard procedure of scientific analysis is followed, including measures to identify a mineral's formula, its crystallographic data, its optical data, as well as the general physical attributes determined and listed.

Thus followed the line of Lomonosov and the contributions of the Russian school became more frequent through his disciples, and in the nineteenth century we have great geographers as Vasily Dokuchaev who performed works of great importance as a " principle of comprehensive analysis of the territory " and " Russian Chernozem " latter being the most important where introduces the geographical concept of soil, as distinct from a simple geological strata, and thus founding a new geographic area of study: the Pedology.

In 1929 he published his first important essay on econometric methodology, " Correlation and scatter in statistical variables ", followed in the same year by " Statics and dynamics in economic theory ", which introduced dynamics in economic analysis.

As part of such analysis, OECD developed a definition and system of classification of internal taxes, generally followed below.

His view was based on what may be the first in-depth lithic analysis of the objects in his collection, which led him to believe that they are artifacts and to suggest that the historical evolution of these artifacts followed a scheme.

The first methods for finding out genetics used for DNA profiling involved restriction enzyme digestion, followed by Southern blot analysis.

All games are preceded by a pre-game analysis show, Blazers Courtside, and followed by a post-game show known as The 5th Quarter.

Information visualization is also a hypothesis generation scheme, which can be, and is typically followed by more analytical or formal analysis, such as statistical hypothesis testing.

A further round of intense analysis and cryptanalysis followed, culminating in the AES3 conference in April 2000, at which a representative of each of the final five teams made a presentation arguing why their design should be chosen as the AES.

Subsequent analysis of the high-speed tracking films and telemetry signals indicated that a leak occurred in a joint on one of the SRBs, the escaping flame impinged on the surface of the ET ; there followed a complex series of very rapid structural failures, and in milliseconds the hydrogen and oxygen streaming from the ruptured tank exploded.

An analysis of Sporormiella fungal spores ( which derive mainly from the dung of megaherbivores ) in swamp sediment cores spanning the last 130, 000 years from Lynch ’ s Crater in Queensland, Australia showed that the megafauna of that region virtually disappeared about 41, 000 years ago, at a time when climate changes were minimal ; the change was accompanied by an increase in charcoal, and was followed by a transition from rainforest to fire-tolerant sclerophyll vegetation.

The codes led him to define the story as having a capacity for plurality of meaning, limited by its dependence upon strictly sequential elements ( such as a definite timeline that has to be followed by the reader and thus restricts their freedom of analysis ).

According to a CAIDA-coordinated analysis of the SQL Slammer outbreak, its growth followed an exponential curve with a doubling time of 8. 5 seconds in the early phases of the attack, which was only slowed by the collapse of many networks because of the denial of service caused by SQL Slammer's traffic.

In the course of his analysis, Saussure proposed that what had been reconstructed as * ā and * ō, alternating with * ǝ, were actually an ordinary type of PIE ablaut, i. e., between e-grade and zero grade ( further explanations below ), but followed by a previously unidentified element which accounted for both ( 1 ) the changed vowel color and ( 2 ) the lengthening ; that is, rather than * ā, ō and * ǝ, as traditionally, Saussure proposed something like * eA ~ * A and * eO and * O.

Their longitudinal analysis of seven hundred Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban immigrants followed from 1990 to 1995 finds broad support for hypotheses derived from the classical account of assimilation into American society.

" However, a 2002 analysis of 32 U. S. studies found that restraining orders are violated an average of 40 percent of the time and are perceived as being " followed by worse events " almost 21 per cent of the time, and concluded that " evidence of orders ' relative efficacy is lacking ," and that they may pose some degree of risk.

# Mission and Vision Statements and Customer ( Client ) Surveys are the most used ( by 77 % of organizations of 20 improvement tools, followed by SWOT analysis ( 72 %), and Informal Benchmarking ( 68 %).

Each character is introduced by a short CGI sequence, followed by an analysis of potential weaknesses.

Close analysis of the bronze tools associated with beaker use suggests an early Iberian source for the copper, followed subsequently by Central European and Bohemian ores.

In the years that followed he developed the concepts of physical contradictions, SuField analysis ( structural substance-field analysis ), standard solutions, several laws of technical systems evolution, and numerous other theoretical and practical approaches.

Basic theories, such as arithmetic, real analysis and complex analysis are often introduced non-axiomatically, but implicitly or explicitly there is generally an assumption that the axioms being used are the axioms of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory with choice, abbreviated ZFC, or some very similar system of axiomatic set theory like Von Neumann – Bernays – Gödel set theory, a conservative extension of ZFC.

He published a paper that introduced the theory of data-flow analysis used today in optimizing compilers,

He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function.

In his above-mentioned account, he introduced the bra-ket notation, together with an abstract formulation in terms of the Hilbert space used in functional analysis ; he showed that Schrödinger's and Heisenberg's approaches were two different representations of the same theory, and found a third, most general one, which represented the dynamics of the system.

Non-standard analysis was introduced in the early 1960s by the mathematician Abraham Robinson.

Nelson introduced an entirely axiomatic formulation of non-standard analysis that he called Internal Set Theory ( IST ).

Another example of the syntactic approach is the Alternative Set Theory introduced by Vopěnka, trying to find set-theory axioms more compatible with the non-standard analysis than the axioms of ZF.

This function as a function of a real argument was introduced and studied by Leonhard Euler in the first half of the eighteenth century without using complex analysis, which was not available at that time.

The method of spectral analysis, introduced by Bunsen and Kirchhoff, was received by Crookes with great enthusiasm and to great effect.

Blending Marx and structuralism was another French theorist, Louis Althusser, who introduced his own brand of structural social analysis, giving rise to " structural Marxism ".

In 1975, E. O. Wilson introduced his analysis of human behavior based on a sociobiological framework.

Based on phylogenetic analysis these two genotypes appear to have originated in West Africa and was introduced first into Brazil.

In electrical engineering, this approximate symmetric response is known as the universal resonance curve, a concept introduced by Frederick E. Terman in 1932 to simplify the approximate analysis of radio circuits with a range of center frequencies and Q values.

Unconscious thoughts are not directly accessible to ordinary introspection, but are supposed to be capable of being " tapped " and " interpreted " by special methods and techniques such as meditation, free association ( a method largely introduced by Freud ), dream analysis, and verbal slips ( commonly known as a Freudian slip ), examined and conducted during psychoanalysis.

Z-transform analysis can be used to get the pitches and decay times of the harmonics more precisely, as explained in the 1983 paper that introduced the algorithm.

Real analysis began to emerge as an independent subject when Bernard Bolzano introduced the modern definition of continuity in 1816, but Bolzano's work did not become widely known until the 1870s.

He also introduced the concept of the Cauchy sequence, and started the formal theory of complex analysis.

The last third of the 19th century saw the arithmetization of analysis by Weierstrass, who thought that geometric reasoning was inherently misleading, and introduced the " epsilon-delta " definition of limit.

If a bird, bat, and a winged insect were scored for the character, " presence of wings ", a homoplasy would be introduced into the dataset, and this would confound the analysis, possibly resulting in a false evolutionary scenario.

He introduced various elements that later composed foundations for applied behavior analysis and behavior therapy ( the token reward system was another invention ).

In order to measure human capital more accurately, Eric Hanushek and Dennis Kimko introduced measures of mathematics and science skills from international assessments into growth analysis.

* XPS is also known as ESCA, an abbreviation for electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis introduced by Kai Siegbahn and his research group.

The difference is that an entire story can be discussed according to Quiller-Couch's mode of analysis, while Freytag is talking about the second act in a five-act play, at a time when all of the major characters have been introduced, their motives and allegiances have been made clear ( at least for the most part ), and they now begin to struggle against one another.