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The ancient Greeks and Romans believed that books on magic were invented by the Persians, with the 1st century CE writer Pliny the Elder stating that magic had been first discovered by the ancient philosopher Zoroaster around the year 6347 BC, but that it was only written down in the 5th century BC by the magician Osthanes — his claims are not however supported by modern historians.
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ancient and Greeks
The ancient Greeks recorded several catastrophic inundations by huge waves.
There is an ancient and venerable tradition in the church ( which derives, however, from the heritage of the Greeks rather than from the Bible ) that God is completely independent of his creation and so has no need of men for accomplishing his work in the world.
Formulas for the surface areas of simple shapes were computed by the ancient Greeks, but computing the surface area of a more complicated shape usually requires multivariable calculus.
The ancient Greeks used baskets of stones, large sacks filled with sand, and wooden logs filled with lead, which, according to Apollonius Rhodius and Stephen of Byzantium, were formed of stone ; and Athenaeus states that they were sometimes made of wood.
The ancient Greeks and Romans wore amethyst and made drinking vessels of it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication.
The category of acts constituting hubris for the ancient Greeks apparently broadened from the original specific reference to mutilation of a corpse, or a humiliation of a defeated foe, or irreverent, " outrageous treatment ", in general.
Many ancient cultures, including the ancient Egyptians and ancient Greeks, used specially selected mold and plant materials and extracts to treat infections.
Herodotus ( Histories iv. 189 ) thought he had identified the source of the ægis in Libya, which was always a distant territory of ancient magic for the Greeks:
* or Areian: the designation of an inhabitant of Aria ( a region in the eastern part of the Persian empire ; today's Herat ), used by the ancient and medieval Greeks ( as Ἄρ ( ε ) ιοι / Ar ( e ) ioi ) and Romans ( as Arii ).
In other words, it is quite possible that actual existence may be ... an efficient cause of observable effects ...." He then launches into a history of attempts to conceptualize the inconceivable from the ancient Greeks to the present.
The name comes from Greek Bosporos ( Βόσπορος ), which the ancient Greeks analysed as bous ' ox ' + poros ' means of passing a river, ford, ferry ', thus meaning ' ox-ford ', which is a reference to Io ( mythology ) from Greek mythology who was transformed into a cow and condemned to wander the earth until she crossed the Bosphorus where she met Prometheus.
These have been used by the Arabs and Greeks since ancient times as trading vessels.
The birth hour of boxing as a sport may be its acceptance by the ancient Greeks as an Olympic game as early as 688 BC.
Manek states that Sungazing is the key to his health, citing the Jainist Tirthankara Mahavira, ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Native Americans as his inspiration.
The ancient Greeks kept cumin at the dining table in its own container ( much as pepper is frequently kept today ), and this practice continues in Morocco.
The ancient Greeks used two words for air: aer meant the dim lower atmosphere, and aether meant the bright upper atmosphere above the clouds.
It has been used by various theologians and philosophers over the centuries, from the ancient Greeks Plato and Aristotle to the medievals ( e. g., St. Thomas Aquinas ) and beyond.
A chthonian symbol among the ancient Greeks, celery was said to have sprouted from the blood of Kadmilos, father of the Cabeiri, chthonian divinities celebrated in Samothrace, Lemnos and Thebes.
Indeed, the ancient Greeks attributed the lack of large mammals such as bears, wolves, jackals, and poisonous snakes, to the labour of Hercules ( who took a live Cretan bull to the Peloponnese ).
Apart from terrestrial mammals, the seas around Crete are rich in large marine mammals, a fact unknown to most Greeks, although reported since ancient times.
From the viewpoint of the ancient Greeks, a person's public life was not separated from their private life, and Greeks did not distinguish between the two worlds according to the modern western conception.
The Roman author Vitruvius, relying on the writings ( now lost ) of Greek authors, tells us that the ancient Greeks believed that their Doric order developed from techniques for building in wood in which the earlier smoothed tree trunk was replaced by a stone cylinder.
ancient and Romans
The term allocutio was used by the ancient Romans for the speech made by a commander to his troops, either before a battle or during it, to animate and encourage them.
The ancient Romans often used mercury-tin amalgams for gilding their armor.
Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as Edward Gibbon or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica:
The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the ancient Romans.
The Batavi were an ancient Germanic tribe, originally part of the Chatti, that lived around the Rhine delta, in the area that the Romans called Batavia and that is currently the Netherlands, from the second half of the first century BC to the third century AD.
They retained the honour of the ancient association with the Romans, not required to pay tribute or taxes and used by the Romans only for war: " They furnished to the Empire nothing but men and arms ", Tacitus remarked.
The inhabitants were also known, by the ancient Romans, with the pejorative term latrones mastrucati, which means " thieves with a rough garment in wool ".
Developed by the Romans from wooden writing tablets, its gradual replacement of the scroll, the dominant form of book in the ancient world, has been termed the most important advance in the history of the book prior to the invention of printing.
Romans did not mark same-sex relations as " homosexual " if an adult male used a slave or prostitute, characteristically a youth, as his passive partner ( see Homosexuality in ancient Rome ); these relations, however, were expected to play a secondary role to marriage, within which institution an adult male demonstrated his masculine authority as head of household ( paterfamilias ).
The ancient Greeks and Romans created maps, beginning at latest with Anaximander in the 6th century BC.
The cap was originally worn by ancient Romans and Greeks.
The ancient Roman gardens are known by their statues and sculptures, never missing from the lives of Romans.
The ancient Romans carved graffiti on walls and monuments, examples of which also survive in Egypt.
It was not only the Greeks and Romans that produced graffiti: the Mayan site of Tikal in Guatemala also contains ancient examples.
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans growing purple grapes for both eating and wine production.
There is no amount of money or land that will satisfy greed, but ancient Romans veterans of the Punic wars or of the war against Pyrrhus were content with only two iugera ( acres ) of land in return for all their wounds.
The corresponding noun is amor ( the significance of this term for the Romans is well illustrated in the fact, that the name of the City, Rome — in Latin: Roma — can be viewed as an anagram for amor, which was used as the secret name of the City in wide circles in ancient times ), which is also used in the plural form to indicate love affairs or sexual adventures.
Latin was the language of the ancient Romans, but it was also the lingua franca of Europe throughout the middle ages, so Latin literature includes not only Roman authors like Cicero, Vergil, Ovid and Lucretius, but also includes European writers after the fall of the Empire from religious writers like St. Augustine ( 354 – 430 AD ), to secular writers like Francis Bacon ( 1561-1626 ) and Spinoza ( 1632 – 1677 ).
The Latin name was first used in the 16th century ( the ancient form is unknown, although it is possible that the Romans referred to the armour as " lorica laminata ").
The Etruscan alphabet was in turn adopted and further modified by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
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