Presented as " Newman Laugh-O-Grams ", Disney's cartoons became widely popular in the Kansas City area and through their success, he was able to acquire his own studio, also called Laugh-O-Gram, for which he hired a vast number of additional animators, including Fred Harman's brother Hugh Harman, Rudolf Ising, and his close friend Ubbe Iwerks.

Disney went to New York in February 1928 to negotiate a higher fee per short and was shocked when Mintz told him that not only did he want to reduce the fee he paid Disney per short but also that he had most of his main animators, including Harman, Ising, Maxwell, and Freleng — but not Iwerks, who refused to leave Disney — under contract and would start his own studio if Disney did not accept the reduced production budgets.

Stand-ins are also used for animated characters in a live action film, sometimes with life-size character models, so that the animators know where to place their animation and how to make them move realistically, and for actors to know where to look.

The studio's character model department would also sculpt three-dimensional clay models so the animators could view their subject from all angles.

It also encourages the animators to indulge in artistic styles that are not bound to real world limits.

Bakshi also hired graffiti artists and trained them to work as animators.

The success of King Kong led to a number of other early special effects films, including Mighty Joe Young, which was also animated by O ' Brien and helped to start the careers of several animators, including Ray Harryhausen, who came into his own in the 1950s.

Fred / Alan also enlisted the help of animators, writers, producers and doo-wop group The Jive Five to create new channel IDs.

Schlesinger was also known ( among his animators, at least ) for his lisp.

He had two brothers — Charles McKimson ( the younger ) and Tom McKimson ( the older ) — who also worked as animators.

Contemporary independent animators, including Paul Fierlinger and Bill Plympton, have also made features outside of the studio system.

" Sharon Bernstein of The Los Angeles Times wrote that " Gracie executives had been unhappy with the producer Csupo had assigned to The Simpsons and said the company also hoped to obtain better wages and working conditions for animators at Film Roman.

Most of the effects are also live-action ( wires and such ), but one scene of a dinner making itself was done using stop-motion, and was presented in a tight close-up that allowed budding animators to study it for technique.

The 1990s also flourished as a variety of Vinton's 400 + animators and technicians flowered with new creations and films of their own using the Vinton facilities called the Walkabout Program.

Sinbad: Beyond the Veil of Mists was the first movie made primarily with motion capture, although many character animators also worked on the film, which had a very limited release.

Selick and the animators were also nominated for their work.

These nodes are responsible for their own behaviour, but can also be managed by animators, each other, or manually by the user.

Audley also provided some live-action recording for both of these characters, to inspire the animators.

It is now also possible for animators to draw directly into a computer using a graphics tablet, Cintiq or a similar device, where the outline drawings are done in a similar manner as they would be on paper.

Taking on Rhapsody in Blue also allowed Disney to keep the animators assigned to their feature Kingdom of the Sun ( later released as The Emperor's New Groove ) busy while Kingdom went through an extensive rewrite.

This documentary ( which was included on the Superman II two-disc special edition DVD ) features interviews with surviving members, relatives and biographers of the animation and production team, also contemporary animators such as Bruce Timm ( Batman: The Animated Series ), Paul Dini and Dan Riba ( Superman: The Animated Series ) who detail the influence these cartoons have had on their own works.

" Bakshi also stated that he " had a lot of animators there that I'd brought in and I thought that maybe I could just have fun animating this stuff, which I did.

The third tour also showcased new work by animators Joanna Quinn, PES, Bill Plympton, and Don Hertzfeldt.

When animators or interface designers talk about the " physics " or " feel " of an operation, they may be referring to the particular Bézier curve used to control the velocity over time of the move in question.

Some of his books are still published today, and are used as references by artists, animators, and students of animal and human movement.

* Cels and sequences of cels were used repeatedly — animators only had to draw a character walking once.

This series was the first Tezuka production in which Tezuka adopted a method of animation which had long been used by Disney and Warner Brothers in which each animator was responsible for drawing a single character instead of the team of animators each taking a piece of a show and drawing everything.

One problem with the Xerox however, was that the animators were used to producing sketchy drawings, and the clean-up stage in animation prior to One Hundred and One Dalmatians was done in the process of transferring the drawings to the cels.

To achieve the spotted Dalmatians, the animators used to think of the spot pattern as a constellation.

It was on Snow White that he met his first wife, Marjorie Belcher, a dance model whose live-action performance was used as reference material by the animators for the role of Snow White.

Eventually this capability was used by Disney animators in movies such as The Little Mermaid and by TV producers in shows such as SeaQuest and Babylon 5.

: All animation tools — including expressions, scripts, list controllers, and wiring — can be used along with a set of utilities specific to bones to build rigs of any structure and with custom controls, so animators see only the UI necessary to get their characters animated.

Since the studio couldn't afford to hire any models, the animators used photos from Playboy magazines for inspiration for the character Princess Daphne.

Plasticine is appealing to animators because it can be used with ease: it is mouldable enough to create a character, flexible enough to allow that character to move in many ways, dense enough that it can retain its shape easily when combined with a wire armature, and does not melt under hot studio lighting.

To produce these effects, the animators used different techniques, such as drybrush, airbrush, charcoal, grease pencil, backlit animation or, during shooting, the cameraman used multiple exposures with diffusing screens, filters or gels.

An early version of the CAPS system later used by Disney animators were among the tools they created there.

Sketch Star is used by beginners to advanced animators.

Dynamical simulation is used in computer animation to assist animators to produce realistic motion, in industrial design ( for example to simulate crashes as an early step in crash testing ), and in video games.

In an episode's commentary, this artistic contribution is discussed by Futurama co-creator Matt Groening, who describes Cohen as being very particular about how the animators used his design, and that Cohen's original drawing is still framed in his office.

To build the cars, the animators used computer platforms very similar to those used in the design of real-world automobiles.

This technique is used in virtually all animation systems where simplified user interfaces allows animators to control often complex algorithms and a huge amount of geometry ; most notably through inverse kinematics and other " goal-oriented " techniques.

It is a frequently used reference among professional animators.

His other film credits include sculpting the maquette of Pinocchio which was used as the reference for the animators of the classic Walt Disney feature, and articulated deer models for Bambi.

The computer was used to build models for reference and the animators later retraced it.