The muscles acting on the foot can be classified into extrinsic muscles, those originating on the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and intrinsic muscles, originating on the dorsal or plantar aspects of the foot.

The giraffe's head and neck are held up by large muscles and a nuchal ligament, which are anchored by long dorsal spines on the anterior thoracic vertebrae, giving the animal a hump.

Impulses are then transmitted to nerve fibers that terminate in lamina V, also in the dorsal horn, synapsing with neurons that join fibers from the fast pathway, crossing to the opposite side via the anterior white commissure, and traveling upwards through the anterolateral pathway.

The dorsal and anal fins are divided into anterior spiny and posterior soft-rayed portions, which may be partially or completely separated.

In vertebrates, the heart lies in the anterior part of the body cavity, dorsal to the gut.

In Aspidosiphon and Lithacrosiphon the anal shield is restricted to the dorsal side, causing the introvert to emerge at an angle, whereas it surrounds the anterior trunk in Cloeosiphon with the introvert emerging from its center.

Studies in patients that were a subject to bilateral cingulotomy, that involved fMRI analyses, showed that the anterior cingulate cortex has a key role in cognitive control and is highly likely to be involved in the control of attentional response, whereas the dorsal part of that region of the brain was not identified to be involved in such a process, although this is still under dispute.

The more anterior dorsal fin is much harder and appears to have spines on them.

Of these the palmar or anterior and the dorsal or posterior surfaces are rough, for ligamentous attachment ; the dorsal surfaces being the broader, except in the lunate.

The penis in males is also erect in the anatomical position, hence the dorsal surface of the penis is actually anterior in the flaccid state.

However, presumably for improved clarity, the directional term palmar ( Latin palma ; palm of the hand ) is usually used for the anterior of the hand, and dorsal is used to describe the back of the hand.

* A coronal or frontal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral ( back and front, or posterior and anterior ) portions.

* A coronal ( also known as frontal ) plane is a Y-X plane, perpendicular to the ground, which ( in humans ) separates the anterior from the posterior, the front from the back, the ventral from the dorsal.

Hence, what is technically a transverse ( orthogonal ) section with respect to the body length axis of a rat ( dividing anterior from posterior ) may often be referred to in rat neuroanatomical coordinates as a coronal section, and likewise a coronal section with respect to the body ( i. e. dividing ventral from dorsal ) in a rat brain is referred to as transverse.

Importantly, responding counter-attitudinally activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the anterior insular cortex ; furthermore, the degree to which these regions were activated predicted individual participants ' degree of attitude change.

Since the ventral and dorsal spinal cord have separate blood supply with very limited collateral flow, an anterior cord syndrome ( paralysis or paresis with some preserved sensory function ) is a possible surgical sequela, so it is important to have monitoring specific to the motor tracts as well as dorsal column monitoring.

Strong feelings of envy activated physical pain nodes in the brain's dorsal anterior cingulate cortex ; the brain's reward centers, such as the ventral striatum, were activated by news that the people envied had suffered misfortune.

As a protection against predators, triggerfish can erect the first two dorsal spines: The first, ( anterior ) spine is locked in place by erection of the short second spine, and can be unlocked only by depressing the second, “ trigger ” spine, hence the family name “ triggerfish ”.

* The dorsal fin originates at the anterior of the caudal end of the operculum, the soft portion of the dorsal fin is more tall than long, the caudal fin is rounded and in adults it is an elongated upper ray, the anal fin originates below the soft portion of the dorsal fin, which it resembles in its rounded shape and being more tall than long.

The anterior white bar is placed just behind the eye ; the middle bar goes straight down the middle of the fish ; and the posterior bar occurs near the caudal fin.

The dorsal and pectoral fins have strong spines, and there is a spine at the anterior border of the adipose fin.

In anglerfish, the anterior of the dorsal fin is modified into a biological equivalent to a fishing pole and a lure known as illicium or esca.

Risso's have a relatively large anterior body and dorsal fin, while the posterior tapers to a relatively narrow tail.

The anterior spines are much longer, giving a concave outline to the spiny part of the dorsal fin.

** In anglerfish, the anterior of the dorsal fin is modified into an illicium and esca, a biological equivalent to a fishing rod and lure.

*** The " horns " of manta rays and their relatives are called cephalic fins ; this is actually a modification of the anterior portion of the pectoral fin.

The lateral line is fragmentary and never reaches past the anterior part of the anal fin.

Their two dorsal fins are widely separated with the anterior fin having five spines, the posterior fin having one spine and nine soft rays.

Lophius has three long filaments sprouting from the middle of the head ; these are the detached and modified three first spines of the anterior dorsal fin.

The fish also has eighty long filaments along the middle of its head, which are, in fact, the detached and modified three first spines of the anterior dorsal fin.

The pelvic fins originate at a point anterior to the dorsal fin.

The name " Splitfins " comes from the fact that, in the male fish, the anterior rays of the anal fin are partly separated from rest of the fin.

The anterior band runs from the top of the head and through the eye, the medial band lies between the head and the dorsal fin, and wraps around to the ventral surface, and the posterior band covers almost all of the caudal peduncle and extends to the anal fin.

The spiny anterior fin has 13 to 15 spines.

Since electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus produces the effects of wakefulness while stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus induces sleep, it may be said that the reactivity of the whole organism is altered by a change in the autonomic reactivity of the hypothalamus.

Sensation in the breast is provided by the peripheral nervous system innervation, by means of the front ( anterior ) and side ( lateral ) cutaneous branches of the fourth -, the fifth -, and the sixth intercostal nerves, while the T-4 nerve ( Thoracic spinal nerve 4 ), which innervates the dermatomic area, supplies sensation to the nipple-areola complex.

In comparing the skulls of carnivores and herbivores, it can be seen that the shearing force of the temporalis is somewhat more important to carnivores, which have more room on the braincase ( this is not unrelated to carnivoran intelligence ) and commonly develop a sagittal crest ( running from posterior to anterior on the skull ), providing yet additional room for temporalis attachment.

It is cylindrical or conical in shape and protrudes through the upper anterior vaginal wall.

It has a convex, elliptical surface and is divided into anterior and posterior lips.

Nonetheless, in most of the literature the stated place of the click is the anterior articulation ( called the release or influx ), while the manner is ascribed to the posterior articulation ( called the accompaniment or efflux ).

The anterior articulation defines the click type and is written with the IPA letter for the click ( dental ⟨⟩, alveolar ⟨⟩, etc.

Expressive aphasia ( non-fluent aphasia ), also known as Broca's aphasia in clinical neuropsychology and agrammatic aphasia in cognitive neuropsychology, is caused by damage to, or developmental issues in the anterior regions of the brain, including ( but not limited to ) the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus or inferior frontal operculum known as Broca's area ( Brodmann area 44 and Brodmann area 45 ).

The most common form of intractable epilepsy in these disorders in adults is temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis, and the most common type of epilepsy surgery is the anterior temporal lobectomy, or the removal of the front portion of the temporal lobe including the amygdala and hippocampus.

In epilepsy, the electrode target is the anterior nucleus of the thalamus.

Noninvasive surgery using the gamma knife or other devices used in radiosurgery is currently being investigated as an alternative to traditional open surgery in patients who would otherwise qualify for anterior temporal lobectomy.

Because a different population of anterior horn cells is stimulated with each stimulation, each F wave have a slightly different shape, amplitude and latency.

It also includes hymenotomy, the removal of a hymen regarded as too thick, and gishiri cutting, a practice in which the vagina's anterior wall is cut with a knife to enlarge it.

Extensor group: tibialis anterior originates on the proximal half of the tibia and the interosseous membrane and is inserted near the tarsometatarsal joint of the first digit.

The flagellate stage is slightly smaller, with two or four anterior flagella anterior to the feeding groove.

In the upper jaw, a compressed, sharp, pointed laniariform incisor near the hinder edge of the premaxilla is followed in the male at least by a moderate-sized, pointed, curved true canine in the anterior part of the maxilla.

Next to these is a curved, suberect canine, followed after an interval by an isolated minute and often deciduous simple conical premolar ; then a contiguous series of one premolar and three molars, which differ from those of Camelus in having a small accessory column at the anterior outer edge.

The anterior motion of the sacral base is called nutation, and the posterior motion is counter-nutation.

The braincase, or neurocranium, is frequently divided into anterior and posterior sections divided by a fissure.

On medical examination the head of the optic nerve can easily be visualised by a slit lamp ; however, frequently there is no abnormal appearance of the nerve head in optic neuritis ( in cases of retrobulbar optic neuritis ), though it may be swollen in some patients ( anterior papillitis or more extensive optic neuritis ).