In December 2005, Italy's antitrust agency fined Alitalia € 30, 000 for misleading consumers by advertising a round-trip flight tariff while showing only the price of a one-way ticket.

In order to acquire Universal, Wasserman was forced to dissolve MCA's talent agency — which represented most of the industry's biggest names — by Robert F. Kennedy's Department of Justice, as owning both the movie studio and a talent agency would violate antitrust laws.

The landmark NBA antitrust suit, named after the then-president of the NBA Players ' Association, led to an extensive reform of the league's strict free agency and draft rules and, subsequently, to higher salaries for all players.

AMD filed a complaint against Intel in the European Union's antitrust enforcement agency ( the Directorate-General for Competition ), and then filed a lawsuit in the U. S. for discovery of certain Intel documents in order to further their complaint.

The union filed a new antitrust suit, and on December 30, the NFLPA asked federal judge David Doty to rule that the league ’ s exemption from the federal antitrust laws had ended with the CBA and that players were free to challenge free agency restrictions and seek damages under those laws.

Having done that, individual players, led by Freeman McNeil of the New York Jets, brought a new antitrust action, challenging the NFL's so-called " Plan B free agency, which gave teams a right of first refusal to sign a player, as an unlawful practice under the antitrust acts.

That verdict, the pendency of other antitrust cases and the threat of a class action filed by Reggie White, then with the Philadelphia Eagles, on behalf of all NFL players caused the parties to settle the antitrust cases and to agree on a formula that permitted free agency.

Courts eventually ruled this plan to be an antitrust violation, and something resembling true free agency came to pro football.

In 2003, Mexico's antitrust agency, the Federal Competition Commission, investigated Walmart for " monopolistic practices " prompted by charges that the retailer pressured suppliers to sell goods below cost or at prices significantly less than those available to other stores.

However, the National Football League still liked the idea of a spring developmental league — and they needed another pro Football league to help their cause in the antitrust and free agency lawsuit with the National Football League Players ' Association.

* Proskauer represented the NBA against the Oscar Robertson antitrust suit, which established free agency in basketball ( the lead litigator, David Stern, lost the case, but the league hired him as its in-house counsel in 1978 and later promoted him to NBA commissioner ).

No previous antitrust case, he said, had involved interests of such magnitude or presented such complex problems of relief.

Modern antitrust law could be said to derive in some ways from the original statutes by which the guilds were abolished in Europe.

Internal memos obtained from by FOIA from the Justice Department antitrust attorneys who investigated the closing of the Houston Post said the Chronicle's parent organization struck a deal to buy the Post six months before it closed.

International Herald Tribune report that " Russia's antitrust body said Wednesday that Evraz Holding — part-owned by Kremlin-friendly businessman Roman Abramovich – has breached anti-monopoly rules, overcharging customers for coking coal.

During the New Deal, likewise, attempts were made to stop cutthroat competition, attempts that appeared very similar to cartelization, which would be illegal under antitrust laws if attempted by someone other than government.

Coffee wrote product reviews, technical analyses and his weekly " Epicenters " column on disruptive forces in IT tools and practices ; he has appeared on CBS, NBC, CNN, Fox, and PBS newscasts addressing Internet security, the Microsoft antitrust case, wireless telecom policies, and other eBusiness issues.

* 2000 – United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping " an oppressive thumb " on its competitors.

He appointed a commission that set aside 3, 000, 000 acres ( 12, 000 km² ) of national parks and 2, 300, 000 acres of national forests ; advocated tax reduction for low-income Americans ( not enacted ); closed certain tax loopholes for the wealthy ; doubled the number of veterans ' hospital facilities ; negotiated a treaty on St. Lawrence Seaway ( which failed in the U. S. Senate ); wrote a Children's Charter that advocated protection of every child regardless of race or gender ; created an antitrust division in the Justice Department ; required air mail carriers to adopt stricter safety measures and improve service ; proposed federal loans for urban slum clearances ( not enacted ); organized the Federal Bureau of Prisons ; reorganized the Bureau of Indian Affairs ; instituted prison reform ; proposed a federal Department of Education ( not enacted ); advocated $ 50-per-month pensions for Americans over 65 ( not enacted ); chaired White House conferences on child health, protection, homebuilding and home-ownership ; began construction of the Boulder Dam ( later renamed Hoover Dam ); and signed the Norris – La Guardia Act that limited judicial intervention in labor disputes.

* ZDnet story on 4th anniversary of Microsoft antitrust case

In 1986, Davis testified on behalf of the United States Football League in their unsuccessful antitrust lawsuit against the NFL.

It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, but which led the government to pursue it on antitrust grounds for more than twenty years.

The area includes the doctrine of restraint of trade and has largely been submerged in the twentieth century by statutory interventions on collective labor law and modern antitrust or competition law.

* April 3 – United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping " an oppressive thumb " on its competitors.

* Boies negotiated on behalf of American Express two of the highest civil antitrust settlements ever for an individual company: $ 2. 25 billion from Visa, and $ 1. 8 billion from MasterCard.

In 1956, AT & T and the Justice Department agreed on a consent decree to end an antitrust suit brought against AT & T in 1949.

In United States telecommunication law, Modification of Final Judgment ( MFJ ) is the August 1982 agreement approved by the court ( consent decree ) settling United States v. AT & T, a landmark antitrust suit, originally filed on January 14, 1949 and modifying the previous Final Judgment of January 24, 1956.

* First, they will inquire whether the state legislation " mandates or authorizes conduct that necessarily constitutes a violation of the antitrust laws in all cases, or ... places irresistible pressure on a private party to violate the antitrust laws in order to comply with the statute.

Industrial organization has also had significant practical impacts on antitrust law and competition policy.

While it was able to convince the FCC, antitrust regulators at the Justice Department refused to sign off on the deal.

While this initiative was in process in the Gerald Ford administration, the United States Senate Judiciary Committee, which had jurisdiction over antitrust law, began hearings on airline deregulation in 1975.

Their case was ultimately dismissed on May 30, 1984, by which time the owners had already established the Tampa Bay Bandits in the next professional league, the United States Football League ( which incidentally filed their own, more famous antitrust suit against the NFL in 1986 ).

On July 8,, discussing his career before the United States Senate's Estes Kefauver committee on baseball's antitrust status, he made this observation: " I had many years that I was not so successful as a ballplayer, as it is a game of skill.

Judge Robert Bork's writings on anti-trust law, along with those of Richard Posner and other law and economics thinkers, were heavily influential in causing a shift in the U. S. Supreme Court's approach to antitrust laws since the 1970s, to be focused solely on what is best for the consumer rather than the company's practices.

From an economics perspective, the relatively recent industrial organization research has focused on construction of microeconomic models that predict and / or explain the prevalence of imperfectly competitive markets and deviations from competitive behavior, partly as a response to the criticisms of antitrust laws and policies by the Chicago School and by members of the law and economics school of thought.

This system depends on strong competition for its health and vigor, and strong competition depends, in turn, on compliance with antitrust legislation.

Public officials during the Progressive Era put passing and enforcing strong antitrust high on their agenda.

* Institute of Mergers, Acquisitions and Alliances ( MANDA ) M & A An academic research institute on mergers & acquisitions, including antitrust issues

The U. S. Department of Justice filed an antitrust lawsuit in September 2005 against the National Association of Realtors over NAR's policy which allowed brokers to restrict access to their MLS information from appearing on the websites of certain brokers which operate solely on the web .< ref >

For example, one of the key questions in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial was whether Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser was part of its Windows operating system or a separable piece of application software.

Even before the site began operating, the company faced intense antitrust scrutiny – because five of the six " major " airlines were collaborating on the project.