In contrast with the Patent Law Treaty ( PLT ), signed in 2000 and now in force, which only relates to formalities, the SPLT aims at going far beyond formalities to harmonize substantive requirements such as novelty, inventive step and non-obviousness, industrial applicability and utility, as well as sufficient disclosure, unity of invention, or claim drafting and interpretation.

For example, educational psychologists have conducted research on the instructional applicability of Jean Piaget's theory of development, according to which children mature through four stages of cognitive capability.

Because of its applicability in diverse fields of mathematics, mathematicians including Saunders Mac Lane have proposed category theory as a foundational system for mathematics, independent of set theory.

While it is a slow and resource-intensive approach, it has wide applicability, giving insight into parts of the theory inaccessible by other means, in particular into the explicit forces acting between quarks and antiquarks in a meson.

Researchers continue to study this theory, particularly using computer simulation of crowd behaviour, and the applicability of models to reproduce crash-like phenomena.

For example, in what Foley called a " pivotal " contribution, Larry Benson introduced the concept of " written-formulaic " to describe the status of some Anglo-Saxon poetry which, while demonstrably written, contains evidence of oral influences, including heavy reliance on formulas and themes A number of individual scholars in many areas continue to have misgivings about the applicability of the theory or the aptness of the South Slavic comparison, and particularly what they regard as its implications for the creativity which may legitimately be attributed to the individual artist.

The applicability of a legal theory has emerged, one known as tortious interference: if two parties have an agreement, such as a confidentiality agreement, and one of those parties is induced by a third party to break that agreement, the third party can be sued by the other parties for any damages.

The description of forces in terms of virtual particles is limited by the applicability of the perturbation theory from which it is derived.

Without denying the applicability of the Austrian theory of value as subjective only, within certain contexts of price behavior, the Polish economist Oskar Lange felt it was necessary to attempt a serious integration of the insights of classical political economy with neo-classical economics.

The theory of CSP itself is also still the subject of active research, including work to increase its range of practical applicability ( e. g., increasing the scale of the systems that can be tractably analyzed ).

Developments within analytic number theory are often refinements of earlier techniques, which reduce the error terms and widen their applicability.

Proponents of virtue theory sometimes respond to this objection by arguing that a central feature of a virtue is its universal applicability.

The potential applicability of the Gumbel distribution to represent the distribution of maxima relates to extreme value theory which indicates that it is likely to be useful if the distribution of the underlying sample data is of the normal or exponential type.

The critical-theory philosophical frame traces its roots to the Frankfurt School of Critical Social Theory that attempted to amend Marxist theory for applicability in 20th-century Germany.

The goal of this research is “ to determine the applicability of educational theory and principles by testing hypotheses within specific settings ”.

Plus no one understood the theory beyond the regime of applicability of string perturbation theory.

Evidences are emerging on the applicability of transformative theory in new educational programmes.

One of the most striking characteristics of Gestalt Theoretical Psychotherapy is the key role of the epistemological grounding position of Gestalt theory ( critical realism ) and its applicability to the fundamental, theoretical and practical problems in psychotherapy.

Furthermore, much of the research supporting the basic propositions of equity theory has been conducted in laboratory settings, and thus has questionable applicability to real-world situations ( Huseman, Hatfield & Miles, 1987 ).

While mainstream economists agree that the quantity theory holds true in the long run, there is still disagreement about its applicability in the short run.

:" The basis for the applicability of the results of the mathematical theory of probability to real ' random phenomena ' must depend on some form of the frequency concept of probability, the unavoidable nature of which has been established by von Mises in a spirited manner.

Cautioning against interpreting neuropsychological research as supporting the applicability of learning style theory, John Geake, Professor of Education at the UK's Oxford Brookes University, and a research collaborator with Oxford University's Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, commented that

The applicability of the theory to real world situations may be questioned, however, particularly as there are very few markets which are completely free of sunk costs and entry and exit barriers.

The authors of the meta-analysis and a later reviewer noted that the applicability of this meta-analysis is limited because the subjects were taken mostly from withdrawal clinics ; the coexisting drug, alcohol use, and psychiatric disorders were not defined ; and several of the included studies conducted the cognitive measurements during the withdrawal period.

This rule does not usually apply to intentional torts ( for example, deceit ), and also has stunted applicability to the quantum in negligence where the maxim Intended consequences are never too remote applies ' never ' is inaccurate here but resorts to unforeseeable direct and natural consequences of an act.

Today, the authoritative application of Jewish law is left to the local rabbi, and the local rabbinical courts, with only local applicability.

) Often, as to the applicability of the law in any given situation, the proviso is: " consult your local rabbi or posek.

Although this model is conceptually helpful, its mathematical formulation makes several assumptions that limit its applicability to real systems.

Supervenience is a concept with broad applicability throughout philosophy that has particular importance to physicalism.

While the applicability of the quasispecies model to real organisms is still a matter of debate in the scientific community, some researchers believe that it accurately represents the evolution of high-mutation-rate viruses such as HIV and sometimes single genes or molecules within the genomes of other organisms.

* A lemma is a " helping theorem ", a proposition with little applicability except that it forms part of the proof of a larger theorem.

The most visible accomplishment so far is the recognition by the Patent Co-operation Treaty ( PCT ) of the innovative character and industrial applicability of the UNL, which was obtained in May 2002 through the World Intellectual Property Organisation ( WIPO ).

However, other systems such as the K computer continue to use conventional processors such as SPARC-based designs and the overall applicability of GPGPUs in general purpose high performance computing applications has been the subject of debate, in that while a GPGPU maybe tuned to score well on specific benchmarks its overall applicability to everyday algorithms may be limited unless significant effort is spent to tune the application towards it.

" However, they question the applicability of their own research with respect to Electroconvulsive therapy in humans: " An important caveat of our results is that it is unclear to what extent they are relevant to the use of electroconvulsive therapy in psychiatry, because the protocol employed in this study is different from that used clinically.

: Today the problem is complicated by the fact that the Declaration must be of world-wide applicability.

Through the work of the International Institute of Socionics and other schools of Socionics, the issue 4 peer-reviewed journals and the annual International conferences on socionics, Socionics is taught in more then 150 universities in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other CIS countries, as well as in Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Romania, either as a separate course, or, in view of the applicability of the various methods of Socionics Humanities, as part of educational courses on Sociology, Pedagogy, Social Psychology, Management and Psychology of Management, human resource management, Conflictology, social services and Tourism, Computer Science and Programming, Philosophy, Neurology, Journalism, Library Science, Social Work, Didactics and others, including Engineering disciplines.

This is because, as the graph above illustrates, the set of Pareto improvements is a proper subset of Kaldor – Hicks improvement, which also reflects the greater flexibility and applicability of the Kaldor – Hicks criteria relative to the Pareto criteria.

Many anarchists dispute the applicability of the term " violence " to describe destruction of property, since they argue that destruction of property is done not to control an individual or institution but to take its control away.

The SCA, despite its military origin, is under evaluation by commercial radio vendors for applicability in their domains.

Once the logic is complete for all elements in the FMECA, the resulting list of maintenance is " packaged ", so that the periodicities of the tasks are rationalised to be called up in work packages ; it is important not to destroy the applicability of maintenance in this phase.

It is widely used in industrial settings as a quality control instrument due to its applicability in evaluating sample purity and for studying polymer curing.