Quite clearly the anti-trust laws are neither effective nor rational -- and yet the argument goes that they should be extended to the labor union.

Mordell's theorem had an ad hoc proof ; Weil began the separation of the infinite descent argument into two types of structural approach, by means of height functions for sizing rational points, and by means of Galois cohomology, which was not to be clearly named as that for two more decades.

A. Hobson identifies this justification: “ It is desirable that the earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by the races which can do this work best, i. e. by the races of highest ' social efficiency '.” This is clearly the racial argument, which pays heed to other ideas such as the “ White Man ’ s Burden ” prevalent at the turn of the twentieth century.

The algorithm for deciding this is conceptually simple: it constructs ( the description of ) a new program t taking an argument n which ( 1 ) first executes program a on input i ( both a and i being hard-coded into the definition of t ), and ( 2 ) then returns the square of n. If a ( i ) runs forever, then t will never get to step ( 2 ), regardless of n. Then clearly, t is a function for computing squares if and only if step ( 1 ) terminates.

If an argument form is valid, the conjunction of the premises will be logically equivalent to the conclusion and this can be clearly seen in a truth table ; it is displayed.

In addition to being a parody of James Bond and clearly being heavily influenced by Peter Sellers, Austin Powers represents an archetype of 1960s Swinging London, with his constant advocacy for free love — defending this attitude in an argument with Doctor Evil by arguing that they were rebelling against authority figures like Doctor Evil and the movement would have used less drugs if they had been aware of the long-term consequences — his use of obscure impressions and his clothing style ( including crushed velvet suits and Beatle boots ).

He also makes an argument, after studying the Arab histories of the period, that these were clearly armies of invasion, sent by the Caliph not just to avenge Tours, but to begin the end of Christian Europe and bring it into the Caliphate.

The academics responsible for reviewing his work were concerned about the unconventional nature of his major thesis ; Henri Gouhier, one of the reviewers, noted that it was not a conventional work of history, making sweeping generalisations without sufficient particular argument, and that Foucault clearly " thinks in allegories ".

The Liberals made reducing the power of the Lords an important issue of the January 1910 general election. It was held that the 1911 Act clearly permits the procedures specified in the Parliament Acts to be used for " any Public Bill ", and this was sufficient to dispose of the argument that the 1911 Act could not be used to amend itself.

Juror 8 presents a convincing argument that one of the witnesses, an elderly man, who claimed to have heard the boy yell " I'm going to kill you " shortly before the murder took place, could not have heard the voices as clearly as he had testified, as well as stating that " I'm going to kill you ," is often said by people who do not mean it literally.

Thus, the argument runs, the Greek Thomas has clearly been at least influenced by Luke's characteristic vocabulary.

The Catholic Encyclopedia states that " many of the recent critical students of the document, Donation of Constantine locate its composition at Rome and attribute the forgery to an ecclesiastic, their chief argument being an intrinsic one: this false document was composed in favour of the popes and of the Roman Church, therefore Rome itself must have had the chief interest in a forgery executed for a purpose so clearly expressed ".

John R. Searle does not elucidate the terms strong and weak in his book The Construction of Social Reality, but he clearly uses them in his Chinese room argument, where he debates the feasibility of creating a computing machine with a sharable understanding of reality, and he adds " We are precisely such machines.

Another argument presented in the book is that our current environmental crisis clearly has its roots in the Renaissance.

* A central argument of Teleology says that the world has clearly been constructed in a purposeful telic rather than a chaotic manner, and must therefore have been made by a rational being, i. e. God

" He was not a man of many words ," says Clarendon, " and rarely began the discourse or made the first entrance upon any business that was assumed, but a very weighty speaker, and after he had heard a full debate and observed how the House was likely to be inclined, took up the argument and shortly and clearly and craftily so stated it that he commonly conducted it to the conclusion he desired ; and if he found he could not do that, he never was without the dexterity to divert the debate to another time, and to prevent the determining anything in the negative which might prove inconvenient in the future " ( Hist.

The fallacy in the argument can be illustrated through the use of an Euler Diagram: " A " satisfies the requirement that it is part of both sets " B " and " C ", but if one represents this as an Euler diagram, it can clearly be seen that it is possible that a part of set " B " is not part of set " C ", refuting the conclusion that " all Bs are Cs ".

He gained attention for his speeches in parliament which earned him a reputation for clearly setting out his argument, even if they lacked natural eloquence.

The whole system of Telesio shows lacunae in argument, and ignorance of essential facts, but at the same time it is a forerunner of all subsequent empiricism, scientific and philosophical, and marks clearly the period of transition from authority and reason to experiment and individual responsibility.

" Another such argument is provided by Norman Sanders ; " because the play reveals a relatively unsure dramatist and many effects managed with a tiro's lack of expertise, it offers us an opportunity to see more clearly than anywhere else in the canon what were to become characteristic techniques.

The argument is based on the fundamental that differentiation will incur costs to the firm which clearly contradicts with the basis of low cost strategy and on the other hand relatively standardised products with features acceptable to many customers will not carry any differentiation hence, cost leadership and differentiation strategy will be mutually exclusive.

" The argument also does not clearly establish why some positions are worth more than others, even when they benefit more people in society, e. g., teachers compared to athletes and movie stars.

Easterly reproached The End of Poverty in his review for The Washington Post, and Easterly's 2006 book White Man's Burden is a rebuttal of Sachs's argument that poor countries are stuck in a " poverty trap " from which there is no escape except by massively scaled-up foreign aid, though Sachs himself has clearly emphasized the need for a complex, multifaceted, clinical and unique approach to economic development, of which increased and responsible foreign aid is nearly always a necessary but insufficient part.

Nick Hancock clearly thought out his argument and could be quite strict.

Conversely, in functional code, the output value of a function depends only on the arguments that are input to the function, so calling a function f twice with the same value for an argument x will produce the same result f ( x ) both times.

An example of an argument that depends on the law of excluded middle follows.

The strength of such an argument depends on the warrant, i. e. whether or not one can demonstrate a process which leads to the significant effect.

In this formula, t is the argument of the function F, and on the right-hand side the parameter on which the integral depends.

According to Kurzweil's argument, since growth in so many fields of science and technology depends upon computing power, these improvements translate into exponentially more frequent advances in non-computer sciences like nanotechnology, biotechnology, and materials science.

This argument depends on a lack of a variation of the distribution ( spatial or otherwise ) in the vacuum energy density, as would be expected if the dark energy were the cosmological constant.

In other words, all the other parts of time are real, like the city blocks up and down a street, although the order in which they appear depends on the driver ( see Rietdijk – Putnam argument ).

The argument depends on whether the Declaration of Independence, which also uses the term, would be considered a true legal document of the United States, being drafted under and in opposition to British rule.

His argument for the subsistence and incorruptibility of the intellectual soul takes its point of departure from the metaphysical principle that operation follows upon being ( agiture sequitur esse ), i. e., the activity of a thing reveals the mode of being and existence it depends upon.

However, this argument depends on the equation of male-male pedophilia with homosexual orientation.

This argument depends upon the acceptance of semantic externalism-the claim that what one's words mean is determined not merely by some internal state, but also by the causal history of the speaker.

* 9th century-Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ), an Arab naturalist, writes a treatise on meteorology entitled Risala fi l-Illa al-Failali l-Madd wa l-Fazr ( Treatise on the Efficient Cause of the Flow and Ebb ), in which he presents an argument on tides which " depends on the changes which take place in bodies owing to the rise and fall of temperature.

The strength of this authoritative argument depends upon two factors:

Such an argument often depends on an externalist account on which " justification " is understood in such a way that whether or not a belief is " justified " depends not just on the internal state of the believer, but also on how that internal state is related to the outside world.

American philosopher Lewis White Beck takes Kant's argument to be a refutation of the theory that morality depends of divine authority.

If omniscient is used in the first sense then the argument's applicability depends on what God chooses to know, and therefore it is not a complete argument against the existence of God.

In both cases the argument depends on the assumption that it is logically possible for God to know every choice that he will make in advance of making that choice.

" His argument for speciation depends on three points:

Another famous argument for fatalism that goes back to antiquity is one that depends not on causation or physical circumstances but rather is based on presumed logical truths.

The argument is, instead, that the clause shows that their truth depends on a proper analysis of the concept, which has yet to be done.

The validity of the argument depends on the nature of unity intended by Melissus.

Rawls ' argument depends on the assumption of the veil of ignorance, which he claims allows us to become " unencumbered selves ".

Rawls's argument, however, depends on the fact that the veil is restrictive enough that we make decisions without knowing who will be affected by these decisions, which of course is impossible if we are already attached to people in the world.