In its simplest form, the assumption of unit-treatment additivity states that the observed response from experimental unit when receiving treatment can be written as the sum of the unit's response and the treatment-effect, that is

For a randomized experiment, the assumption of unit-treatment additivity implies that the variance is constant for all treatments.

Kraepelin's assumption of a moral defect rather than a positive drive towards crime has also been questioned, as it implies that the moral sense is somehow inborn and unvarying, yet it was known to vary by time and place, and Kraepelin never considered that the moral sense might just be different.

This assumption implies that there are low start up costs, no sunk costs and no exit costs.

Philostratus implies that upon his death, Apollonius of Tyana underwent heavenly assumption.

The assumption of constant returns to scale facilitates the assumption of perfect competition which in turn implies that factors get their marginal products:

Use of this measure implicitly implies the assumption that the incidence rate is constant over different periods of time, such that for an incidence rate of 14 per 1000 persons-years, 14 cases would be expected for 1000 persons observed for 1 year or 50 persons observed for 20 years.

However, the assumption that the presence of an evolving body of Mahāyāna scriptures implies the contemporaneous existence of distinct religious movement called " Mahāyāna ", which may be a serious misstep.

The contradiction implies that the original assumption is false, and the second player cannot have a winning strategy.

Assumptions 1 and 2 imply that the theory is described by a path integral, and assumption 3 implies that there is a local field which creates the particle.

The assumption of finite mass implies that this correlation function is nonzero for x spacelike.

From Faraday's law, this assumption implies the absence or near-absence of time-varying magnetic fields:

The homogeneity of slopes assumption implies that we perform this regression analysis subject to the constraint that all regression equations ( slopes ) across the cells of the design are the same.

Physical determinism, under the assumption of physicalism, implies there is only one possible future and is therefore not compatible with libertarian free will.

In its constitutive assumption that people can make broadly-informed, case-by-case evaluations and judgments on scarcity / excess, sufficiency, and proportion ( distributive justice ), lagom implies a materialist view of scarcity as a socially-mediated variable of consequence, rather than as a norm.

They assume, just like many other logical positivists, that values cannot be rational and assert, therefore, that the definition of poverty threshold, a task charged with values, is an arbitrary action of researchers, an assumption which implies a narrow view of poverty.

Using the conventional specific energy of TNT ( 4. 184 MJ / kg ), the above formula implies the assumption that about 0. 5 % of the bomb's energy is converted into radiated seismic energy.

The terms " memoryless " and " memorylessness " have sometimes been used in a slightly different way to refer to Markov processes in which the underlying assumption of the Markov property implies that the properties of random variables related to the future depend only on relevant information about the current time, not on information from further in the past.

In John 19: 12 Pilate seeks to release Jesus, but the Jews object, saying: " If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar's friend: every one that maketh himself a king speaketh against Caesar " bringing the power of Caesar to the forefront of the discussion for the assumption of the title King implies rebellion against the Roman Empire

The paradox is that this assumption implies the omniscience principle, which asserts that any truth is known.

( This implies K is connected by the long exact sequence of a fibration, because G is connected by assumption.

The basic linguistic assumption of proximity searching is that the proximity of the words in a document implies a relationship between the words.

( actually is more realistic, but not used here, to ensure an analytic solution ,) is written due to the initial assumption of direct proportionality implies that the air resistance and the velocity differ only by a constant arbitrary factor with units of N * s / m.

* 1996: Bob Dole, Republican Party, " We choose him on the assumption that the real Bob Dole is the one who spent three decades on Capitol Hill, not this year's dubious character ; that he would be more prudent than his economic plan implies.

Reduced to its simplest terms, it is an assumption of a collective duty to compensate for the inability of individuals to cope with the rigors of the era.

Nothing in the Title shall be construed as the assumption of any liability by the United States for the payment or satisfaction, in whole or in part, of any claim on behalf of any national of the United States against any foreign government.

From an estimated mass of 25 g for a zero-magnitude meteorite, the other masses are derived with the assumption of a mass decrease by a factor of 2.512 for each unit increase in magnitude.

If ( remember this is an assumption ) the minimal polynomial for T decomposes Af where Af are distinct elements of F, then we shall show that the space V is the direct sum of the null spaces of Af.

The nonreactors had been separated into two groups on this assumption with the presumably `` secure '' nonreactors and `` secure '' reactors being used as the groups for comparative personality studies.

The existence of conflict and of vigorous union demand for an increase in money wages does not contradict the assumption that the union is willing to settle for cost-of-living and productivity-share increases as distinct from a cost-raising increase in the basic wage rate.

-- On the basis of a differentiability assumption in function space, it is possible to prove that, for materials having the property that the stress is given by a functional of the history of the deformation gradients, the classical theory of infinitesimal viscoelasticity is valid when the deformation has been infinitesimal for all times in the past.

This conclusion is dependent on the assumption that traditional sex mores will continue to sanction both premarital chastity as the `` ideal '', and the double standard holding females primarily responsible for preserving the ideal.

There seems to be an unfortunate assumption that an hour of Chicago-style jazz in prime evening time, for example, could not be justified without the trimmings of a portentous documentary.

Both these analyses require homoscedasticity, as an assumption for the normal-model analysis and as a consequence of randomization and additivity for the randomization-based analysis.

" A person ranking at 7 on the scale would be a person who says " I know there is no God ..." Dawkins places himself at 6 on the scale, which he characterizes as " I cannot know for certain but I think God is very improbable, and I live my life on the assumption that he is not there ", but leaning toward 7.

An important simplifying assumption for acoustic waves is that the amplitude of the disturbance of the field quantities is small.

In this view, Christianity is seen as a religion in its own right, rather than a subset of Judaism, if one makes the common assumption that Judaism is not universal, however see Noahide Laws and Christianity and Judaism for details.

Amdahl's law is a model for the relationship between the expected speedup of parallelized implementations of an algorithm relative to the serial algorithm, under the assumption that the problem size remains the same when parallelized.

The assumption that there is no arbitrage is used in quantitative finance to calculate a unique risk neutral price for derivatives.

Kiernan's reasoning has in part to do with the much-discussed political context of the poem: it has been held by most scholars, until recently, that the poem was composed in the 8th century on the assumption that a poem eliciting sympathy for the Danes could not have been composed by Anglo-Saxons during the Viking Ages of the 9th and 10th centuries, and that the poem celebrates the namesakes of 8th Century Mercian Kings.

The state, represented by the emperor Phocas, is persuaded to connive at the pope's assumption of spiritual authority ; the other churches are intimidated into acquiescence ; Lucifer's projects seem fully accomplished, when Heaven raises up Henry VIII of England and his son for their overthrow.

Evaluating Collins ' approach, he considers " the wide geographical spread from which the material comes and the implicit assumption that linguistic developments would have occurred uniformly throughout this area " a weakness and concludes, " The character of the Hebrew and Aramaic could support a date in the fifth or fourth century for the extant written form of the book, but does not demand a second-century date.

) In reliance on this assumption, modern statutes often leave a number of terms and fine distinctions unstated — for example, a statute might be very brief, leaving the precise definition of terms unstated, under the assumption that these fine distinctions will be inherited from pre-existing common law.