A conventional assumption is that there are physiological illusions that occur naturally and cognitive illusions that can be demonstrated by specific visual tricks that say something more basic about how human perceptual systems work.

This strong assumption was first studied in 1996 by Boynton and colleagues, who checked the effects on the primary visual cortex of patterns flickering 8 times a second and presented for 3 to 24 seconds.

This theory is strengthened by the idea of ‘ visual territories ’ which operates from the assumption that all ringfort in a region were probably occupied contemporarily, and that in a particular area one ringfort would be in the sight of at least one other neighbouring ringfort so that if one ringfort were attacked, relief would possibly come from a neighbouring one.

Thus, the user's assumption of a one-to-one correspondence between the visual appearance of a name and the named entity breaks down.

It is based on the assumption that humans tend to find visual images that reflect their own preferences / wishes in life more pleasing and attractive.

That is the assumption that the artist, as someone possessing advanced technical competence in the means of visual production, is, in the service of enlightenment, entrusted with the task of wrenching, tearing or cajoling the beholder's habits of perception out of their ossified, conventionalized, academicized and ultimately falsified norms.

The assumption that ZF is consistent is harmless because adding another axiom to an already inconsistent system cannot make the situation worse.

Basic theories, such as arithmetic, real analysis and complex analysis are often introduced non-axiomatically, but implicitly or explicitly there is generally an assumption that the axioms being used are the axioms of Zermelo – Fraenkel set theory with choice, abbreviated ZFC, or some very similar system of axiomatic set theory like Von Neumann – Bernays – Gödel set theory, a conservative extension of ZFC.

The government he led put in place the post-war settlement, based upon the assumption that full employment would be maintained by Keynesian policies, and that a greatly enlarged system of social services would be created – aspirations that had been outlined in the wartime Beveridge Report.

Most proposed advances in gun technology are based on the assumption that the solid propellant as a stand alone propulsion system is no longer capable of delivering the required muzzle energy to penetrate future tanks.

In civil law jurisdictions this principle is related to the general principle of correct behavior in commercial practice — including the assumption of good faith — is a requirement for the efficacy of the whole system, so the eventual disorder is sometimes punished by the law of some systems even without any direct penalty incurred by any of the parties.

This system took as its basic premise the assumption that language is a direct reflection of thought processes and therefore there is a single, most natural way to express a thought.

This postulate is a fundamental assumption in statistical mechanics-it states that a system in equilibrium does not have any preference for any of its available microstates.

The works of Kurt Gödel, Alan Turing, and others shook this assumption, with the development of statements that are true but cannot be proven within the system.

The concept of intercept point is based on the assumption of a weakly nonlinear system, meaning that higher-order nonlinear terms are small enough to be negligible.

For instance, if body A exerts a force of magnitude F on body B, and B exerts a force of magnitude f on A, then the ratio F / f is always equal to 1, regardless of the actual units used to measure F and f. This is a fundamental property of dimensionless proportions and follows from the assumption that the laws of physics are independent of the system of units used in their expression.

This assumption that the laws of physics are not contingent upon a specific unit system is the basis for the Buckingham π theorem.

In cryptography, Kerckhoffs's principle ( also called Kerckhoffs's Desiderata, Kerckhoffs's assumption, axiom, or law ) was stated by Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century: A cryptosystem should be secure even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge.

This shift from naive self-centeredness in one's own time and spot to a broader view based on objective comparison is somewhat like the change from the original geocentric assumption of astronomy to the Copernican interpretation of the solar system and the subsequent still greater widening to a universe of galaxies.

This is in contrast to the mean time to failure ( MTTF ), which measures average time to failures with the modeling assumption that the failed system is not repaired ( infinite repair rate ).

To keep the exposition simple, a crucial assumption is made: that the solutions to the unperturbed system are not degenerate, so that the perturbation series can be inverted.

Nearly all books and articles ( in English ) from videotex's heyday ( the late 1970s and early 1980s ) seem to reflect a common assumption that in any given videotex system, there would be a single company that would build and operate the network.

The facility had been awarded a large allotment of low cost power from the hydro electric dam system that was nearby, with the assumption this would encourage industrial development and create jobs and resulting economic development.

Ieyasu still failed to achieve complete control of the western daimyo, but his assumption of the title of shogun helped consolidate the alliance system.

Because a market system relies on the assumption that players are constantly involved and unequally enabled, a market system is distinguished specifically from a voting system where candidates seek the support of voters on a less regular basis.

The discrepancy between reality and the assumption underlying a levy system is growing as " web 2. 0 " matures, with pervasive user-supplied content, from Wikipedia to YouTube.

This follows a suggestion made in the Star Trek Chronology, on the assumption humans could not have settled the Alpha Centauri system prior to the warp drive's invention.

From a theoretical standpoint, the main assumption of the Kalman filter is that the underlying system is a linear dynamical system and that all error terms and measurements have a Gaussian distribution ( often a multivariate Gaussian distribution ).

Reduced to its simplest terms, it is an assumption of a collective duty to compensate for the inability of individuals to cope with the rigors of the era.

In its simplest form, the assumption of unit-treatment additivity states that the observed response from experimental unit when receiving treatment can be written as the sum of the unit's response and the treatment-effect, that is

Thus there is no way of discerning which, if any, ethical properties exist ; by Occam's Razor, the simplest assumption is that none do.

Various methods for becoming a werewolf have been reported, one of the simplest being the removal of clothing and putting on a belt made of wolfskin, probably as a substitute for the assumption of an entire animal skin ( which also is frequently described ).

Assisted by the assumption that combination always takes place in the simplest possible way, he thus arrived at the idea that chemical combination takes place between particles of different weights, and it was this which differentiated his theory from the historic speculations of the Greeks, such as Democritus and Lucretius.

Based on the philosophical assumption of the Strong Church-Turing Universe Thesis, a mathematical criterion for evaluation of evidence has been proven, with the criterion having a resemblance to the idea of Occam's Razor that the simplest comprehensive description of the evidence is most likely correct.

To explain this preference, SIT introduced a formal coding model starting from the assumption that the perceptually preferred interpretation of a stimulus is the one with the simplest code.

Beware: although this may seem the simplest and most reasonable assumption, which also happens to be true, so is a useful mnemonic, it still requires a proof!

Thus, if one is going to make that assumption, then one would want to use the simplest definition.

But if one did not make that assumption, then the simplest definition might not be the right one for the most useful concept ; in any case, it would destroy the relation between T < sub > i </ sub > and T < sub > j </ sub >, allowing ( for example ) non-Hausdorff regular spaces.

This blending of sources has created a muddled assumption that scholarly interpretations are as sacred and beyond revision as are the Quran and the Sunnah.

This definition would serve as the basis of logical positivism, with its assumption that there is exactly one world, consisting of the totality of facts, regardless of the interpretations that individual people may make of them.

The main variable within various interpretations of the responsibility assumption doctrine is the degree to which the individual is considered the cause of his or her own experience, ranging from partial but substantial to total responsibility.

The 1967 television series The Prisoner featured an ambiguous climax spawning several interpretations, one of which implicates responsibility assumption.

Due to its canonical assumption of determinism, Laplace's demon is incompatible with interpretations of quantum mechanics that stipulate indeterminacy.

The assumption that Aristotle ’ s works were foundational to an understanding of philosophy did not wane during the Renaissance, which saw a flourishing of new translations, commentaries, and other interpretations of his works, both in Latin and in the vernacular.

* Some interpretations are based on archaeology, but this entails making the assumption that one of the homeland hypotheses is in fact correct.

What follows in this page are interpretations based only on the assumption of the Kurgan hypothesis of Indo-European origins, and are by no means universally accepted.