Usually, the term is used to indicate that non-carbon atoms have replaced carbon in the backbone of the molecular structure.

The middle structure is a triglyceride composed of oleate | oleoyl, stearate | stearoyl, and palmitate | palmitoyl chains attached to a glycerol backbone.

Same structure with correct 3D configuration ; backbone in blue.

Middle: Simplified representation illustrating the backbone conformation, colored by secondary structure.

In some later pterosaurs, the backbone over the shoulders fused into a structure known as a notarium, which served to stiffen the torso during flight, and provide a stable support for the scapula ( shoulder blade ).

In proteins, the secondary structure is defined by the patterns of hydrogen bonds between backbone amide and carboxyl groups.

The secondary structure may be also defined based on the regular pattern of backbone dihedral angles in a particular region of the Ramachandran plot ; thus, a segment of residues with such dihedral angles may be called a helix, regardless of whether it has the correct hydrogen bonds.

For example, the backbone is a common structure among all vertebrates such as fish, reptiles, and mammals, and the backbone also appears as one of the earliest structures laid out in all vertebrate embryos.

The distinctive cyclic structure of proline's side chain locks its φ backbone dihedral angle at approximately − 60 °, giving proline an exceptional conformational rigidity compared to other amino acids.

Another thin-shell structure that he created is the Ingalls Rink ( Yale University ), which has suspension cables connected to a single concrete backbone and is nicknamed " the whale.

* 1953 — After examining Franklin's unpublished data, James D. Watson and Francis Crick published a double-helix structure for DNA, with one sugar-phosphate backbone running in the opposite direction to the other.

This is the physical backbone structure.

The structure consists of a central " backbone " running from 14th Street to 13th Street with five wings extending north and south from the backbone.

Molecular structure of the flavone backbone ( 2-phenyl-1, 4-benzopyrone )

Secondary-structure-dependent libraries present different dihedral angles and / or rotamer frequencies for-helix ,-sheet, or coil secondary structures .< ref > Backbone-dependent rotamer libraries present conformations and / or frequencies dependent on the local backbone conformation as defined by the backbone dihedral angles and, regardless of secondary structure.

The native state of a biomolecule may possess all four levels of biomolecular structure, with the secondary through quaternary structure being formed from weak interactions along the covalently-bonded backbone.

This work formed the backbone of his monumental Reference Grammar of Korean ( 1993 ) which provides a detailed description of both 20th-century Korean and Middle Korean morphemes, making it a valuable tool for those researching the history and structure of the Korean language.

The tryptamine chemical structure is the backbone for a group of compounds termed collectively tryptamines.

The main purpose was to install the S0 Truss segment, which forms the backbone of the truss structure on the station.

The quintet Five Objects Darkly ( whose title is borrowed from a work by the painter Giorgio Morandi is a set of variations based on a musical fragment by Mussorgsky, and the earlier Little Symphony uses the chordal structure of Mussorgsky's Catacombs ' from Pictures at an Exhibition as a harmonic backbone.

In the United States, the Federal Communications Commission has decided not to monitor the competitive aspects of the Internet backbone interconnection relationships as long as the market continues to function well.

The backbone of Tulare's economy continues to be its rich agricultural and dairy industry.

The HFAF continues to be held each June in Marie Irwin Park, and is considered a backbone of the south suburban art scene.

In the 18th and 19th centuries there was considerable commercial traffic on the river, mainly from Selby, which then had a custom house, downstream, but after 1826 with the opening of the Aire and Calder Navigation most traffic was concentrated on the port of Goole, which continues until today, though the coal trade which formed its backbone has ceased.

In Mexico, the Cordillera continues through the Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental, as well as the backbone mountains of the Baja California peninsula.

This served as the backbone of the first nationalist revolution in Asia, the Philippine Revolution of 1896, and continues up to this day.

PTSA continued to grow, with a strong focus on telecommunications and defence products and solutions and particularly with a major expansion into large projects, rolling out the microwave backbone of MTN, one of South Africa ’ s first GSM cellular networks and the installation of a fibre optic network and radio broadcasting system in Malaysia.

Link aggregation also allows the network's backbone speed to grow incrementally as demand on the network increases, without having to replace everything and buy new hardware.

The network " backbone " has been redesigned to be scalable, allowing it to grow in tandem with expected, and hoped for, future network expansion and increases in customer numbers.

Other helices, such as the 3 < sub > 10 </ sub > helix and π helix, are calculated to have energetically favorable hydrogen-bonding patterns but are rarely if ever observed in natural proteins except at the ends of α helices due to unfavorable backbone packing in the center of the helix.

2-octyl cyanoacrylate degrades much more slowly due to its longer organic backbone that slows the degradation of the adhesive enough to remain below the threshold of tissue toxicity.

Thus it was the preferred choice of that era for a high-speed backbone, but FDDI has since been effectively obsolesced by fast Ethernet which offered the same 100 Mbit / s speeds, but at a much lower cost and, since 1998, by Gigabit Ethernet due to its speed, and even lower cost, and ubiquity.

Japan's Internet backbone needs to be very efficient due to the high demand for the Internet and technology in general.

Since the backbone of PNA contains no charged phosphate groups, the binding between PNA / DNA strands is stronger than between DNA / DNA strands due to the lack of electrostatic repulsion.

Given a desired backbone conformation, side chain packing can be designed using variations of the dead-end elimination algorithm ; however, attempts to design proteins of novel folds have difficulty using this method due to an absence of plausible backbone models.

Leading cable operators can easily avoid competition due to reasons such as lack of funding for those competitors to build their own backbone network, or even the lack of space available.

The ninth residue in the loop is necessarily glycine due to the conformational requirements of the backbone.

Commerce and trading are the backbone of the city's economy since it is the largest commercial center for Mazandaran province, partially due to its location at the center of the province and also the large population of villages around the city making Babol county the most populated county in the province.

Nucleic acid molecules which are to be analyzed are set upon a viscous medium, the gel, where an electric field induces the nucleic acids to migrate toward the anode, due to the net negative charge of the sugar-phosphate backbone of the nucleic acid chain.

They proposed Verisign continue to manage the. net DNS due to its critical importance as the domain underlying numerous " backbone " network services.

Most of its fleet of modern Mirage 2000Ps interceptors, bought in the mid-1980s and backbone of the FAP, was grounded for lack of spare parts and proper maintenance due to lack of funds.

DNA is negatively charged due to the phosphate backbone and will not " stick " to the nitrocellulose on its own, however, any DNA that has been bound by protein will stick.

This grape is mainly grown in California to provide backbone, due to its natural acidic character, for white " jug wine " blends.

Typically, the open-ring isomers are colorless compounds, whereas the closed-ring isomers have colors dependent on their chemical structure, due to the extended conjugation along the molecular backbone.

DNA has been the primary target of metal complexes due to the ability of cationic metal interacting with the anionic backbone of DNA.

The area known as Brooklyn ( until it was also annexed by the city in 1909 ) was once suburban and predominantly white until World War II, when it became the backbone of Oakland's African American community due to an influx of workers from the southeastern U. S. and the exodus of more prosperous whites to suburbs south and east of the city, such as San Leandro, Hayward and Walnut Creek.

The request for investigation stems from the decision by Comcast to alter the peering agreement they had with Level 3 due to the increased volume of internet traffic due to the latter's new agreement to be a primary backbone provider of Netflix on-line streaming content.

Small-scale native fishermen of the small South Pacific coastal communities are the backbone of the live fish trade, and are forced to resort to the illegal use of sodium cyanide due to demand and high prices offered by the industry.