Alder bark contains the anti-inflammatory salicin, which is metabolized into salicylic acid in the body.

It is noted for its smooth bark, white flowers, and hard wood.

Others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products ; for example, the pain killer aspirin is derived from salicylic acid which originally came from the bark of willow trees.

The first of these is the appearance of bark-bearing trees ( and in particular the evolution of the bark fiber lignin ).

It provides a rich growing medium, or a porous, absorbent material that holds moisture and soluble minerals, providing the support and nutrients in which plants can flourish, although it is rarely used alone, being primarily mixed with soil, sand, grit, bark chips, vermiculite, perlite, or clay granules to produce loam.

In James Rosier's book " The Land of Virginia " there is an account of Europeans coming ashore and being met with Indians bearing bark cups full of cranberries.

Instead of true cinnamon, " Chinese cinnamon " ( also known as rougui, the ground bark of the cassia tree, a close relative of true cinnamon which is often sold as cinnamon ), may be used.

Frost crack is a bark defect caused by a combination of low temperatures and heat from the winter sun.

London Dry gin is usually distilled in the presence of accenting citrus elements, such as lemon and bitter orange peel, as well as a subtle combination of other spices, including any of anise, angelica root and seed, orris root, licorice root, cinnamon, almond, cubeb, savory, lime peel, grapefruit peel, dragon eye, saffron, baobab, frankincense, coriander, grains of paradise, nutmeg and cassia bark.

clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel in a straight line.

* Vegetable-tanned leather is tanned using tannin and other ingredients found in vegetable matter, such as tree bark prepared in bark mills, and other similar sources.

The other is Mimosa tenuiflora, which is best known for its use in shamanic ayahuasca brews due to the psychedelic drug DMT found in its root bark.

Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet, however, the apes will also eat vegetation, bark, honey, insects and even bird eggs.

If the bark is removed around the entire circumference of a tree it is likely to die.

The name " okapi " is a portmanteau of two Lese words, oka a verb meaning to cut and kpi which is a noun referring to the design made on Efé arrows by wrapping the arrow with bark so as to leave stripes when scorched by fire.

These commentators speak thus: For example, a particular tree, with a branch or two missing, possibly alive, possibly dead, and with the initials of two lovers carved into its bark, is distinct from the abstract form of Tree-ness.

It is clear that in human visible wavelengths, typica are camouflaged against lichens and carbonaria against plain bark.

The bark is cheaper than bark of Cinchona, and as it has an intense taste, it is used for making tonic water.

The bird uses its enormous white bill to hammer, wedge, and peel the bark off dead trees to find the insects.

The soft, moist, white inner bark ( cambium ) found clinging to the woody outer bark is edible and very high in vitamins A and C. It can be eaten raw in slices as a snack or dried and ground up into a powder for use as a thickener in stews, soups, and other foods, such as Finnish pine bark bread ( pettuleipä ).

The Chinese have long used the bark of Magnolia officinalis, a magnolia native to the mountains of China with large leaves and fragrant white flowers, as a remedy for cramps, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and indigestion.

The smooth bark of mallets often has a satiny sheen and may be white, cream, grey, green or copper.

The box bark of Eucalyptus quadrangulata, or white box

Its skin is black and thick, like the bark of an old oak …, its head in proportion to the body is small …, it has no teeth, but only two flat white bones — one above, the other below ".

The leaves are 12-20 cm long and 6-10 cm broad, shallowly lobed with 10-15 rounded lobes on each margin ; they are virtually identical to the leaves of swamp chestnut oak and chinkapin oak, but the trees can readily be distinguished by the bark, that of the chinkapin oak being a light ash-gray and somewhat peeling like that of the white oak and that of swamp chestnut oak being paler ash-gray and scaly.

In February almost the entire company were affected by the disease and as many as 25 of them died before the survivors learned from the Indians that the bark of a white spruce tree boiled in water would afford a cure.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark ; the usual color is a light gray.

Reputedly, a small amount of the root bark of this species is pulverised with water to produce a white froth.

The two species have contrasting kinds of bark: Chinkapin oak has a gray, flaky bark very similar to that of white oak ( Q. alba ) but with a more yellow-brown cast to it ( hence the occasional name yellow oak for this species ), while chestnut oak has dark, solid, deeply ridged bark.

The bark on young trees is smooth, white to greenish or dark grey, often with conspicuous lenticels ; on old trees it remains smooth in some species, but becomes rough and deeply fissured in others.

Eucalyptus tereticornis ( forest red gum ) identified by the bark on its trunk which sheds to expose white, grey or bluish patches may also be seen, too.

Among European species, there is the unique example of the European white elm U. laevis, which has little innate resistance to DED, but is eschewed by the vector bark beetles and only rarely becomes infected.

The sugar maple is most easily identified by clear sap in the leaf petiole ( the Norway maple has white sap ), brown sharp-tipped buds ( the Norway maple has blunt green or reddish purple buds ), and shaggy bark on older trees ( the Norway maple bark has small grooves ).

When alarmed, it will bark a sound much like a dog and flash out its white rump patch.

It is a large evergreen tree with colorful rosy-mauve flowers and striking white bark, suitable for public parks and avenues ; only the seed-grown species is commonly available for sale, unlike L. indica and L. fauriei, which have dozens of cultivars.

A tincture prepared from Salix alba | white willow bark and ethanol

Today, Aleut weavers continue to produce woven grass pieces of a remarkable cloth-like texture, works of modern art with roots in ancient tradition. Birch bark, puffin feathers, and baleen are also commonly used by the Aleuts in basketry.

Prior to 1820, the bark was first dried, ground to a fine powder, and then mixed into a liquid ( commonly wine ) which was then drunk.

Woodpeckers commonly feed in the bark of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir.

Washi is commonly made using fibres from the bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub ( Edgeworthia papyrifera ), or the paper mulberry but can also be made using bamboo, hemp, rice, and wheat.

The most commonly used one is their characteristic bark.

What is commonly called bark includes a number of different tissues.

In young stems, which lack what is commonly called bark, the tissues are from the outside to the inside: epidermis, periderm, cortex, primary phloem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium, secondary xylem, and primary xylem.

The insect prey most commonly taken are insects found inside tree trunks, whether they are alive or rotten wood and in crevices in bark on trees.

Most commonly ornamental garden plants are grown for the display of aesthetic features including: flowers, leaves, scent, overall foliage texture, fruit, stem and bark, and aesthetic form.

They tend to live under rocks, bark and similar shelters, but human encounters are commonly in sheds, garages and other infrequently-disturbed places.

Women commonly wore deerskin aprons, tule skirts, or shredded bark skirts.

The African forest elephant is an herbivore and commonly eats leaves, fruit, and bark, with occasional visits to mineral licks.

The bark of mature trees is commonly orange-to red-brown and of stringy texture, often flaking or peeling in vertical strips, but smooth, scaly or hard and square-cracked in some species.

The nest is woven of plant fibers, primarily bark and fine grass fiber, though animal hair is also commonly used.

Some of the most commonly used herbs are Ginseng ( 人参, 人參, rénshēn ), wolfberry ( 枸杞子 ), Dong Quai ( Angelica sinensis, 当归, 當歸, dāngguī ), astragalus ( 黄耆, 黃耆, huángqí ), atractylodes ( 白术, 白朮, báizhú ), bupleurum ( 柴胡, cháihú ), cinnamon ( cinnamon twigs ( 桂枝, guìzhī ) and cinnamon bark ( 肉桂, ròuguì )), coptis ( 黄莲, 黃蓮, huánglián ), ginger ( 姜, 薑, jiāng ), hoelen ( 茯苓, fúlíng ), licorice ( 甘草, gāncǎo ), ephedra sinica ( 麻黄, 麻黃, máhuáng ), peony ( white: 白芍, báisháo and reddish: 赤芍, chìsháo ), rehmannia ( 地黄, 地黃, dìhuáng ), rhubarb ( 大黄, 大黃, dàhuáng ), and salvia ( 丹参, 丹參, dānshēn ).

The bark is scaly and commonly deeply furrowed, with the colour ranging from grey to brown.

The name “ Adirondack ” is an Iroquois word which means tree-eater and referred to their neighbors ( more commonly known as the Algonquians ) who collected the inner bark during times of winter starvation.

They are often found under loose bark ( their flat shape is an adaption for this ) in colonies up to 300, but they are highly aggressive and commonly cannibalistic toward members from other colonies.

( More commonly seen on cable skidders ) This also permits hauling back bark and tops when returning from a " landing " to a cut block.

Washi is commonly made using fibers from the bark of the gampi tree, the mitsumata shrub ( Edgeworthia chrysantha ), or the paper mulberry, but also can be made using bamboo, hemp, rice, and wheat.

Birch bark manuscripts are documents written on pieces of the inner layer of birch bark — it was commonly used for writing before the advent of mass production of paper.

In ritual and other formalities, veve is usually drawn on the floor by strewing a powder-like substance, commonly cornmeal, wheat flour, bark, red brick powder, or gunpowder, though the material depends entirely upon the ritual.