An American in Paris is scored for 3 flutes ( 3rd doubling on piccolo ), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B flat, bass clarinet in B flat, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B flat, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, triangle, wood block, cymbals, low and high tom-toms, xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta, 4 taxi horns resembling the pitches A, B, C and D, alto saxophone / soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, baritone saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, and strings.

Ludwig-Musser, William F. Ludwig Senior and his brother Theodor Ludwig founded the Ludwig & Ludwig Co. in 1909 and patented the first workable bass drum pedal system, paving the way for what was to become the modern drum kit.

Instruments made according to an older pitch standard, used principally in wind-band music, include Db piccolo, soprano flute ( the primary instrument, equivalent to today's concert C flute ), F alto flute, and Bb bass flute.

As only 3 percent of Sax's surviving production were pitched in F and C, and as contemporary composers used the E alto and B bass saxophone freely in orchestral music, it is almost certain that Sax experimented to find the most suitable keys for these instruments, settling upon instruments alternating between E and B rather than those pitched in F and C, for reasons of tone and economy ( the saxophones were the most expensive wind instruments of their day ).

* Brass: 6 horns in F, 4 trumpets in C, 3 trombones ( 2 tenor and 1 bass ), a " tenor tuba " ( euphonium in B-flat ) and a bass tuba

* The clarinet family ( piccolo clarinet in A ; sopranino clarinet in E, D ; soprano clarinet in B and A ; basset horn in F ; alto clarinet in E ; bass clarinet in B and A ; contrabass clarinet in BB ; and several other very low clarinets )

While an F transposition became standard in the early 19th century, composers differed in whether they expected the instruments to transpose down a fifth or up a fourth, especially when written in bass clef.

was to miss a week or two of shows and needed a fill in, Derek " The Skull " Tailer the bass player in Dee Snider's band S. M. F was asked to do the job.

The full orchestra consists of three flutes ( third doubling piccolo ), three oboes, english horn, three clarinets ( third doubling E-flat clarinet and bass clarinet ), two bassoons and contrabassoon, six horns, four trumpets in C, three trombones, tuba, timpani, percussion ( four players: two antique cymbals ( C & F #), glockenspiel, gong, bells ( C & F #), vibraphone, cymbals, triangle, castanets, chinese blocks, whip, bass drum, two side drums, tambourine, and tenor drum ), piano, portable organ or harmonium ( a grand organ is called for only in the Libera Me, the last movement ), and strings.

The work is scored for an orchestra consisting of 2 flutes ( one doubling piccolo ), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in B flat, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in F, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, side drum, triangle, bass drum, cymbals, organ ( ad lib ) and strings.

doubling bass clarinet ), 2 bassoons, 2 horns in F, trumpet in C, timpani, guiro, 5 bongo drums, 4 conga drums, bass drum, suspended cymbal, tambourine, claves, high cowbell, vibraphone, marimba, tubular bells, 2 synthesizers, and strings ( minimum 6 1st.

Baritone: A, G, F #, D. Bass: C, B, A, G. The tenor and baritone regulators fit into the front face of the stock, on top of the drones ; the bass regulator is attached to the side of the stock ( furthest from the piper ), and is of complex construction.

For example, a bass flute's range is from C < sub > 3 </ sub > to F < sub > 6 </ sub >, while a bass clarinet plays about one octave lower.

Its range extends down only to the F below the bass clef.

The bass guitar is a transposing instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds ( as is the double bass ) to avoid excessive ledger lines.

Since much of the double bass's range lies below the standard bass clef, it is notated an octave higher than it sounds.

" In North America, music for the instrument is usually written in the bass clef at concert pitch ( that is, without transposition ), though treble clef euphonium parts, transposing down a major ninth, are included in much concert band music.

In continental European music, parts for the euphonium are sometimes written in the bass clef a major second higher than sounding.

Thus, on a compensating four-valved instrument, the lowest note possible is B0, sometimes called double pedal B, which is six ledger lines below the bass clef.

Although Sousaphones have a slightly more restricted range than their orchestral Tuba counterpart, generally they can all play the same music and usually have parts written in the bass clef and the indicated octave is played ( unlike Double Bass or Electric Bass that sound an octave lower than the indicated note.

Typically, the upper staff uses a treble clef and the lower staff has a bass clef.

If an instrument has a range too high or too low for composers to easily write its music on bass or treble clef, the music may be written either an octave higher or an octave lower than it sounds, in order to reduce the use of ledger lines.

Music for the contrabassoon and the double bass is written on the bass clef, one octave higher than concert pitch.

With the exception of the bass trombone, all of the instruments in United Kingdom brass band music ( including cornet, flugelhorn, tenor horn, euphonium, baritone horn, tenor trombone, and even the bass tuba ) are notated in treble clef as transposing instruments in either B or E.

Trombones are an exception — they read at concert pitch, although tenor and bass trombones are pitched in B, alto trombone in E. Music for baritone or euphonium is sometimes written in treble clef, transposed to B, but sometimes in bass clef at concert pitch.

When viewed from the air, the building is in the shape of a bass clef.

Another precedent to the prepared piano was an experiment by the French composer Maurice Delage ( 1879 – 1961 ): his Ragamalika ( 1912 – 22 ), based on the classical music of India, calls for a piece of cardboard to be placed under the B-flat in the second line of the bass clef to dampen the sound, imitating the sound of an Indian drum.

In these readings, the double bass is either kept discreetly in the background, or it is dressed in clown's attire -- the musical equivalent of a bull in a china shop.

Analog Brothers is an experimental hip-hop crew featuring Ice Oscillator also known as Ice-T ( keyboards, drums, vocals ), Keith Korg also known as Kool Keith ( bass, strings, vocals ), Mark Moog also known as Marc Live ( drums, violyns and vocals ), Silver Synth also known as Black Silver ( synthesizer, lazar bell and vocals ), and Rex Roland also known as Pimp Rex ( keyboards, vocals, production ).

In the United Kingdom, bass music, or UK Bass, as it is often known there, has had major mainstream success since the late 2000s and early 2010s, with artists such as Example, Chase & Status, Skream, Benga and Wretch 32.

When I say ' UK bass ', it's what everyone UK is associated with so it would be a lot easier if it was called that.

The bass guitar ( also called electric bass, or simply bass ; ) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, tapping, thumping, or picking.

The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to an electric guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length, and four, five, six, or eight strings.

The four-string bass — by far the most common — is usually tuned the same as the double bass, which corresponds to pitches one octave lower than the four lower strings of a guitar ( E, A, D, and G ).

Like the electric guitar, the bass guitar is plugged into an amplifier and speaker for live performances.

The bass guitar is used in many styles of music including rock, metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, and jazz.

Bronze is also used for the windings of steel and nylon strings of various stringed instruments such as the double bass, piano, harpsichord, and the guitar ..

The bass guitar is seldom used to play stand-alone melodies.

Whereas Travis's right hand used his index finger for the melody and thumb for bass notes, Atkins expanded his right hand style to include picking with his first three fingers, with the thumb on bass.

The Alberti bass was used by many later composers, and it became an important element in much keyboard music of the Classical music era.

The frog of the double bass bow is usually made out of ebony, although snakewood and buffalo horn are used by some luthiers.

The double bass bow is strung with either white or black horsehair, or a combination of the two ( known as " salt and pepper "), as opposed to the customary white horsehair used on the bows of other string instruments.

The lowest note of a double bass is an E < sub > 1 </ sub > ( on standard four-string basses ) at approximately 41 Hz or a B0 ( when five strings are used ) at approximately 31 Hz, within about an octave above the lowest frequency that the average human ear can perceive as a distinctive pitch.

These parts are transpositions of parts written for other bass instruments used before the modern double bass became common and may actually lower the part an octave.

While amplification is rarely used in classical music, in some cases where a bass soloist performs a concerto with a full orchestra, subtle amplification called acoustic enhancement may be used.

The double bass, then often referred to as the Violone used different tunings from region to region.

In the realm of even larger works, Mozart included the double bass in addition to 12 wind instruments for his " Gran Partita " Serenade, K. 361 and Martinů used the double bass in his nonet for wind quintet, violin, viola, cello and double bass.

Because an unamplified upright bass is generally the quietest instrument in a jazz band, many players of the 1920s and 1930s used the slap style, slapping and pulling the strings so that they make a rhythmic " slap " sound against the fingerboard.

While the electric bass guitar was used intermittently in jazz as early as 1951, beginning in the 1970s bassist Bob Cranshaw, playing with saxophonist Sonny Rollins, and fusion pioneers Jaco Pastorius and Stanley Clarke began to commonly substitute the bass guitar for the upright bass.

The string bass is the most commonly used bass instrument in bluegrass music and is almost always plucked, though some modern bluegrass bassists have also used a bow.