" He suggests that because Allen's films blur the protagonist with " past and future protagonists as well as with the director himself ", it " makes a difference as to whether we are most responsive to the director's or the character's framing of events ".

These cards add a slight blur to output signal that makes aliasing of the rasterized graphics much less obvious.

Recognizing that real lenses do not focus all rays perfectly under even the best conditions, the term circle of least confusion is often used for the smallest blur spot a lens can make ( Ray 2002, 89 ), for example by picking a best focus position that makes a good compromise between the varying effective focal lengths of different lens zones due to spherical or other aberrations.

Saccadic masking makes motion blur during a saccade invisible.

* separable filters in image processing, e. g. Gaussian blur

The " solution " to higher sampling in the spatial domain for this case would be to move closer to the shirt, use a higher resolution sensor, or to optically blur the image before acquiring it with the sensor.

When the area of the sampling spot ( the size of the pixel sensor ) is not large enough to provide sufficient spatial anti-aliasing, a separate anti-aliasing filter ( optical low-pass filter ) is typically included in a camera system to further blur the optical image.

The presence of these two opposing factors implies a point at which the combined blur spot is minimized ( Gibson 1975, 64 ); at that point, the < var > f </ var >- number is optimal for image sharpness, for this given depth of field – a wider aperture ( lower f-number ) causes more defocus, while a narrower aperture ( higher f-number ) causes more diffraction.

While optimal aperture can be determined mechanically, how much sharpness is required depends on how the image will be used – if the final image is viewed under normal conditions ( e. g., an 8 ″× 10 ″ image viewed at 10 ″), it may suffice to determine the < var > f </ var >- number using criteria for minimum required sharpness, and there may be no practical benefit from further reducing the size of the blur spot.

In 2009 Kröger anatomically showed in Zebrafish that though the inverted arrangement is nonadaptive in that it creates avoidable scattering of light ( and thus loss of light and image blur ), it has space-saving advantages for small-eyed animals in which there is a minimal vitreous body, as the space between the lens and the photoreceptors ’ light-sensitive outer segments is completely filled with retinal cells.

Another difference, in comparison with JPEG, is in terms of visual artifacts: JPEG 2000 produces ringing artifacts, manifested as blur and rings near edges in the image, while JPEG produces ringing artifacts and ' blocking ' artifacts, due to its 8 × 8 blocks.

In blurry vision, every point on the object corresponds with a blur circle in the image.

By reducing the size of the blur circles, they reduce the overlap of the blur circles in the image, clarifying the vision somewhat.

The infinite depth of field means that image blur depends not on object distance, but on other factors, such as the distance from the aperture to the film plane, the aperture size, and the wavelength ( s ) of the light source.

For example, for handheld use of a 35 mm camera with a 50 mm normal lens, the closest shutter speed is 1 / 60 s. This rule can be augmented with knowledge of the intended application for the photograph, an image intended for significant enlargement and closeup viewing would require faster shutter speeds to avoid obvious blur.

The center of the image remains sharp, while the details away from the center form a radial blur, which causes a strong visual effect, forcing the eye into the center of the image.

The common criterion for “ acceptable sharpness ” in the final image ( e. g., print, projection screen, or electronic display ) is that the blur spot be indistinguishable from a point.

In photography, the circle of confusion diameter limit (“ CoC ”) for the final image is often defined as the largest blur spot that will still be perceived by the human eye as a point.

For example, the optical blur will be more difficult to detect in an 8 ″× 10 ″ image displayed

Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation.

In 2D computer graphics, motion blur is an artistic filter that converts the digital image / bitmap / raster image in order to simulate the effect.

When an animal's eye is in motion, the image will suffer from motion blur, resulting in an inability to resolve details.

Saccadic masking, also known as visual saccadic suppression, is the phenomenon in visual perception where the brain selectively blocks visual processing during eye movements in such a way that neither the motion of the eye ( and subsequent motion blur of the image ) nor the gap in visual perception is noticeable to the viewer.

There are many ways in which the image on the retina during a saccade could be artificially stabilised to get rid of motion blur and thus finish the saccadic masking.

This re-issue features a screen with an improved refresh rate, resulting in noticeably less motion blur.

( Really defocus blur is much less " soft " than the Gaussian blur shown.

The less obvious digital contributions into an analog scene include lens effects such as the fish-eye lens, motion blur to more vividly portray movement, instability in the focus of the camera, unstable light exposure, lighting effects such as shadows, and gun muzzle flashes.

Since the images were captured at 1 / 60 second, there is less motion blur between images than there would have been if shot at 24 frame / s with a 180 ° shutter ( i. e. 1 / 48 second exposure time ).

While " form " and " function " may be more or less explicit and invariant concepts to the many engineering doctrines, Metaprogramming and the Functional programming paradigm lend themselves very well to explore, blur and invert the essence of those two concepts.

Images are often smoothed ( similar to the ' blur ' effect used in some image-editing software ) by which voxels are averaged with their neighbours, typically using a Gaussian filter or by wavelet transformation, to make the data less noisy.

Edition sizes higher than about 500 are likely to be of print reproductions of paintings, of much less value, though some modern techniques blur this traditional distinction.

The resulting image will appear to have a less pleasing background blur and unlike using a real 80mm lens for the same framing.

The resulting image will appear to have a less pleasing background blur and unlike using an actual 56mm lens on a full frame sensor.

The maximum aperture of 2 gives this lens the ability to create depth of field effects, but not to the same shallowness of the EF 35 mm 1. 4L USM, while its five-blade diaphragm may produce background blur ( bokeh ) which is less pleasing than that produced by the eight-blade diaphragm of the f / 1. 4 lens.

A slightly slower shutter speed will allow the photographer to introduce an element of blur, either in the subject, where, in our example, the feet, which are the fastest moving element in the frame, might be blurred while the rest remains sharp ; or if the camera is panned to follow a moving subject, the background is blurred while the subject remains sharp.

* 1 / 15 s and 1 / 8 s: This and slower speeds are useful for photographs other than panning shots where motion blur is employed for deliberate effect, or for taking sharp photographs of immobile subjects under bad lighting conditions with a tripod-supported camera.

Later studies took advantage of the fact that the atmosphere does not " blur " astronomical images, but generally produces multiple sharp copies of the image ( the point spread function has " speckles ").

This picture is an example of panning to deliberately blur the background, and keep the subject matter sharp.

Magic motion attempts to create a motion blur closer to the human perception of movement, meaning the resulting video stream will show motion blur as well as sharp edges for fast moving objects.

In this case a linear lowpass filter would blur sharp edges and yield bad results.

The person in the foreground is sharp, but the background is a blur.