To ensure that the sample sinks to the bottom of the gel, sample buffer is supplemented with additives that increase the density of the sample.

Alternatively, when the on hand inventory is in the bottom one third of the buffer for too long, the buffer is increased by one third ( and don ’ t forget rule 4 ).

However, if the Norton source drives a unity gain buffer such as that in Figure 1 ( bottom, with unity gain ), the current input to the amplifier is I < sub > A </ sub >, with no current division because the amplifier input resistance is zero.

Browning replaced side ejection with bottom ejection, added a buffer for smoother operation, replaced the hammer with a two piece firing pin, and some other minor improvements.

Although Swisher was usually hitting in the bottom third of the lineup, he was moved into the # 2 slot in the lineup after Nick Johnson went down with an injury and served as a buffer for the middle of the Yankees lineup.

In order to copy 400K floppy disks using as few disk swaps as possible on a machine with only 128K of RAM, the original Disk Copy used the screen buffer to store binary data from the disk being copied ; as a result, the screen ( other than a small area at the bottom displaying the GUI ) filled with noise while copying was in progress.

Baddeley ( 2000 ) extended the model by adding a fourth component, the episodic buffer, which holds representations that integrate phonological, visual, and spatial information, and possibly information not covered by the slave systems ( e. g., semantic information, musical information ).

In molecular biology, PVP can be used as a blocking agent during Southern blot analysis as a component of Denhardt's buffer.

As a weak acid, citrate can be used as a component in buffer solutions, including the commonly used SSC 20X hybridization buffer.

The amount of metabolic acid accumulating can also be quantitated by using buffer base deviation, a derivative estimate of the metabolic as opposed to the respiratory component.

For instance, a buffer overflow vulnerability in an obligatory operating system component may not have been present in version 5. 1 ( used during crypto system testing ), but appear only at version 5. 3, available only after release of the crypto system.

This worm was named Sasser because it spreads by exploiting a buffer overflow in the component known as LSASS ( Local Security Authority Subsystem Service ) on the affected operating systems.

In Windows 95, 98 and Me, the DirectSound mixer component and the sound card drivers were both implemented as a kernel-mode VxD driver ( Dsound. vxd ), allowing direct access to the primary buffer used by the audio hardware and thus, providing the lowest possible latency between the user-mode API and the underlying hardware, but in some cases causing instability and blue screen errors.

VSTM is thought to be the visual component of the working memory system, and as such it is used as a buffer for temporary information storage during the process of naturally occurring tasks.

Thus, if you open a network connection ( e. g., using TCP ), when data arrives for you to read, the networking component can directly call your function to consume it, without having to first copy the data to a buffer and do a context switch.

In 2000 Baddeley added a fourth component to the model, called the ' episodic buffer '.

In the conventional tail drop algorithm, a router or other network component buffers as many packets as it can, and simply drops the ones it cannot buffer.

Little is known why this occurs but research shows the buffer acting component to be crucial acid rain.

In the paper, " A weakness of the linear part of stream cipher MUGI ", by GOLIC Jovan Dj, Roy Bimal and Meier Willi, the abstract claims: " The linearly updated component of the stream cipher MUGI, called the buffer, is analyzed theoretically by using the generating function method.

In particular, it is proven that the intrinsic response of the buffer, without the feedback from the nonlinearly updated component, consists of binary linear recurring sequences with small linear complexity 32 and with extremely small period 48.

For example, due to its large input resistance and low output resistance, it is effective as a buffer in common-drain ( source follower ) configuration.

The serial port is rudimentary, using programmed input / output only and lacking a FIFO buffer.

Pressing the Scroll Lock key in the Linux console while text is scrolling through the screen can freeze the application generating the output — during the duration of the freeze no further text accumulates in the buffer, but rather the output continues from where it left off after Scroll Lock is released.

* Data buffer, memory used temporarily to store output or input data

To retrieve data from the EPROM, the address represented by the values at the address pins of the EPROM is decoded and used to connect one word ( usually an 8-bit byte ) of storage to the output buffer amplifiers.

One method for preventing latch-up is for a buffer to have carefully selected input and output levels such that the output level of its driver is higher than its input threshold, preventing it from triggering itself.

For example, a buffer may have an input threshold of 0. 4 V for detecting a low, but an output low level of 0. 5 V. This method requires that all other devices on the bus have thresholds which are compatible and often means that multiple buffers implementing this scheme cannot be put in series with one another.

In early computers with raster-graphics output, the screen buffer was normally held in main memory and updated using software running on the CPU.

A Framebuffer ( or sometimes Framestore ) is a video output device that drives a video display from a memory buffer containing a complete frame of data.

Since terminals were connected through various types of front-end processors ( as per common IBM timesharing practice both then and now ), and could therefore function without CPU attention for a considerable amount of time, MUSIC used variable-length time slices, which could, on compute-bound processing, reach a maximum of several seconds per time slice ; conversely, if a user filled the output buffer or reached a conversational read, the timeslice would end immediately.

With the inputs disconnected, the gates may be biased into a mode where the outputs are partially conducting ; this leaves the output buffer drawing a great deal of current since it is not fully on or off, creating a low resistance current path between the power supply rails.

These are arranged so that there is one op-amp to buffer each input (+,−), and one to produce the desired output with adequate impedance matching for the function.

A graphics processing unit ( GPU ), also occasionally called visual processing unit ( VPU ), is a specialized electronic circuit designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the building of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.

All this information could therefore be obtained from the system either by hooking the flow of information around the system and reading the screen buffer or by using a standard hardware output socket and communicating the results to the user.

A voltage buffer amplifier is used to transfer a voltage from a first circuit, having a high output impedance level, to a second circuit with a low input impedance level.

In the ideal voltage buffer in the diagram, the input resistance is infinite, the output resistance zero ( impedance of an ideal voltage source is zero ).

Other properties of the ideal buffer are: perfect linearity, regardless of signal amplitudes ; and instant output response, regardless of the speed of the input signal.

If the voltage is transferred unchanged ( the voltage gain A < sub > v </ sub > is 1 ), the amplifier is a unity gain buffer ; also known as a voltage follower because the output voltage follows or tracks the input voltage.

Typically a current buffer amplifier is used to transfer a current from a first circuit, having a low output impedance level, to a second circuit with a high input impedance level.

In the ideal current buffer in the diagram, the input impedance is zero and the output impedance is infinite ( impedance of an ideal current source is infinite ).

Again, other properties of the ideal buffer are: perfect linearity, regardless of signal amplitudes ; and instant output response, regardless of the speed of the input signal.

For a current buffer, if the current is transferred unchanged ( the current gain β < sub > i </ sub > is 1 ), the amplifier is again a unity gain buffer ; this time known as a current follower because the output current follows or tracks the input current.