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Page "Muscle contraction" ¶ 22
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# and calcium
# Check for levels of “ serum glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, phosphate, urea, and creatinine ” 3
# the alkaline chemical environment provided by the alkali reserve ( KOH, NaOH ) and the portlandite ( calcium hydroxide ) contained in the hardened cement paste causes a passivating film to form on the surface of the steel, making it much more resistant to corrosion than it would be in neutral or acidic conditions.
The α-amylases () ( CAS # 9014-71-5 ) ( alternative names: 1, 4-α -- glucan glucanohydrolase ; glycogenase ) are calcium metalloenzymes, completely unable to function in the absence of calcium.
Enriched wheat flour, sugar, corn syrup, niacin, water, high fructose corn syrup, vegetable and / or animal shortening – containing one or more of partially hydrogenated soybean, cottonseed and canola oil, and beef fat, dextrose, whole eggs, modified corn starch, cellulose gum, whey, leavenings ( sodium acid pyrophosphate, baking soda, monocalcium phosphate ), salt, cornstarch, corn flour, corn syrup, solids, mono and diglycerides, soy lecithin, polysorbate 60, dextrin, calcium caseinate, sodium stearoyl lactylate, wheat gluten, calcium sulphate, natural and artificial flavors, caramel color, yellow # 5, red # 40.
# P-type ATPase: sodium potassium pump, calcium pump, proton pump
# IP < sub > 3 </ sub > induces calcium ion release
# This salt must be cleared by the body and as a result washes away some of the calcium that would be part of the bone matrix.
# Allows for chemical communication between cells, through the transmission of small second messengers, such as inositol triphosphate ( IP < sub > 3 </ sub >) and calcium ( Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >), although different connexin subunits can impart different selectivity for particular small molecules.
# This change in the cell's membrane potential causes voltage-gated calcium channels to close.
# A decrease in the intracellular calcium concentration means that less glutamate is released via calcium-induced exocytosis to the bipolar cell ( see below ).
# limit whole milk to 16 ounces a day for the child over 2 years of age, but do not completely eliminate milk because children need calcium for bone growth and strength.
# This depolarizing current reaches the presynaptic terminal, and the membrane depolarization that it causes there initiates the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels present on the presynaptic membrane.
# There is high concentration of calcium in the synaptic cleft between the two participating neurons ( presynaptic and postsynaptic ).
# After entering the presynaptic terminal, the calcium binds a protein called synaptotagmin, which is located on the membrane of the synaptic vesicles.
# calcium, strontium, and barium
Corn meal, graham flour, brown sugar, sugar, salt, high fructose corn syrup, calcium carbonate, wheat starch, honey, baking soda, caramel color, artificial cream flavor, iron, sodium ascorbate and ascorbic acid ( vitamin C ), niacinamide, red # 40, yellow # 5, zinc oxide, blue # 1, pyridoxine hydrochloride ( vitamin B < sub > 6 </ sub >), yellow # 6, riboflavin ( vitamin B < sub > 2 </ sub >), thiamin hydrochloride ( vitamin B < sub > 1 </ sub >), vitamin A palmitate, BHT ( preservative ), folic acid, turmeric color, vitamin D, and vitamin B < sub > 12 </ sub >.
# When calcium is introduced into the muscle cell ( fiber ), calcium ions bind to troponin molecules.

# and binds
# Low-spin Fe < sup > 2 +</ sup > binds to singlet oxygen.
# Low-spin Fe < sup > 3 +</ sup > binds to. O < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup >-</ sup > ( the superoxide ion ) and the two unpaired electrons couple antiferromagnetically, giving diamagnetic properties.
# Low-spin Fe < sup > 4 +</ sup > binds to peroxide, O < sub > 2 </ sub >< sup > 2 -</ sup >.
# Bacteriophage Lambda binds to the target E. coli cell, the J protein in the tail tip interacting with the lamB gene product of E. coli, a porin molecule which is part of the maltose operon.
# Cro binds to OR3 preventing access to the P < sub > RM </ sub > promoter preventing expression of the cI gene.
# N protein binds to boxB in each transcript, and contacts the transcribing RNA polymerase via RNA looping.
# Q, another antiterminator, binds to Qut sites.
# Q protein then binds and displaces part of the σ factor and transcription re-initiates.
# Normally RecA * binds LexA ( a transcription repressor ), activating LexA auto-protease activity, which destroys LexA repressor allowing production of DNA repair proteins.
# Complementary DNA then binds to the U5 ( non-coding region ) and R region ( a direct repeat found at both ends of the RNA molecule ) of the viral RNA
# A specific antibody is added, and binds to antigen ( hence the ' sandwich ': the Ag is stuck between two antibodies )
# Sarcin-ricin loop substrate binds RTA active site with target adenine stacking against tyr80 and tyr123.
# A juridical or legal tie: the vinculum ; the efficient cause that binds or connect the parties.
# The polymerization cofactor profilin and the ATP · actin combine to form a profilin-ATP-actin complex that then binds to the end-tracking unit
# This results in a series of unstable intermediates, the last of which binds stronger to the G protein in the membrane and activates transducin, a protein inside the cell.
# Ligand binding assay when a ligand ( usually a small molecule ) binds a receptor ( usually a large protein ).
# The reaction is a simple bimolecular reaction, where the protein binds to localised sites that do not move significantly during recovery
# Exchange is much slower than diffusion ( or whatever transport mechanism is responsible for mobility ), as only then does the diffusing fraction recovery rapidly and then acts as a the source of fluorescent protein that binds and replaces the bound bleached protein and so increases the fluorescence.
# Myosin binds to the now-exposed binding sites, and muscles contract via the sliding-filament mechanism.
# Service consumer: The service consumer or web service client locates entries in the broker registry using various find operations and then binds to the service provider in order to invoke one of its web services.
# Acetylcholine diffuses into the synaptic cleft and binds to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors bound to the motor end plate.
# Glutamate also binds to the metabotropic glutamate receptor on astrocytes
# The acetylcholine diffuses across the synapse and binds to and activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the neuromuscular junction.

# and troponin
# Molecules called troponin are attached to the tropomyosin.
# Calcium binding changes the shape of troponin, causing tropomyosin to be moved deeper into the groove of the actin dimer, therefore causing the myosin binding sites on the actin to be exposed.

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