A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations.

Synthetic polymerization reactions may be carried out with or without a catalyst.

Crown ethers, like 15-crown-5, may be used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

For example, the methylation of benzene (), through a Friedel-Crafts reaction using as catalyst, may produce singly methylated, doubly methylated, or still more highly methylated products, as shown in the following example,

That first shot may have been accidental, or meant as a warning shot ; it was a catalyst for an exchange of gunfire.

Further, the most recent edition of Ives's biography admits that Anne may very well have had a personal spiritual awakening in her youth which spurred her on, not just as catalyst but expediter for Henry's Reformation, though the process took a number of years.

Some authorities have argued that this requires a strong governing authority to guide the work, and may have been a catalyst for the development of systems of governance in early civilizations.

Foss's presence, and his knowledge, ability, enthusiasm, and imagination may well have been the catalyst bringing hitherto unconnected activities together in Milford's mind, as another new venture similar to the establishment of the overseas branches.

A letter Wills wrote that year may have been a catalyst in the push to establish football teams with a " code of laws ".

Ralph is occasionally used as a catalyst for satire about public education's failings because of this, as he may be merely a victim of inflexible and incompetent teaching.

When a catalyst is used the reaction rate may be stated on a catalyst weight ( mol g < sup >− 1 </ sup > s < sup >− 1 </ sup >) or surface area ( mol m < sup >− 2 </ sup > s < sup >− 1 </ sup >) basis.

If the basis is a specific catalyst site that may be rigorously counted by a specified method, the rate is given in units of s < sup >− 1 </ sup > and is called a turnover frequency.

The battery compartment of a dive lamp may have a catalyst to recombine any hydrogen gas emitted from the battery, since gas cannot be vented in use.

If sulfur passes over a catalyst, it may be further oxidized in the catalyst, i. e., SO < sub > 2 </ sub > may be further oxidized to SO < sub > 3 </ sub >.

This work may have been the catalyst for the composition of the concerto.

However, while the arrival of Tate Modern in the London borough of Southwark may be heralded as a catalyst to economic revival in its surrounding neighborhood.

Ramona may not have been another Uncle Tom's Cabin, but it served, along with Jackson's writings on the Mission Indians of California, as a catalyst for other reformers .... Helen Hunt Jackson cared deeply for the Indians of California.

DHA may be prepared, along with glyceraldehyde, by the mild oxidation of glycerol, for example with hydrogen peroxide and a ferrous salt as catalyst.

Events in Hungary in 1956 may have stirred Shostakovich out of his compositional inertia and acted as a catalyst for his writing the symphony.

This can be potentially dangerous with persons who are already suffering from a form of identity disorder or may be a catalyst to instigate particular behaviors in a person who was previously believed to be of sound mental health.

As a catalyst is regenerated in a reaction, often only small amounts are needed to increase the rate of the reaction.

Sometimes the support is merely a surface on which the catalyst is spread to increase the surface area.

Acids are an example of a homogeneous catalyst, they increase the nucleophilicity of carbonyls, allowing a reaction that would not otherwise proceed with electrophiles.

Advocates of school choice argue that this competition for students ( and the education dollars that come with them ) create a catalyst for schools to create innovative programs, become more responsive to parental demands, and to increase student achievement.

However, with the increase in global biodiesel production, the market price for this crude glycerol ( containing 20 % water and catalyst residues ) has crashed.

Oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >) levels in the exhaust stream were generally insufficient for the catalytic reaction to occur efficiently, so most installations included secondary air injection which injected air into the exhaust stream to increase the available oxygen and allow the catalyst to function.

In addition to the catalyst of Gabriel's Rebellion, the law against residency was prompted by the marked increase in population of free people of color in Virginia, as noted above in manumission of slaves after the American Revolution.

Conversely, the existence of a frontage road can increase traffic on the main road and be a catalyst for development ; hence there is sometimes an explicit decision made to not build a frontage road.

With this equipment, Fiers planned to trigger a massive electromagnetic pulse that would blank out all databanks in Manhattan-the only reason he ever risked working with loose cannons like the Six in the first place was because Electro's powers were the only way he would have the energy to trigger the pulse -, subsequently releasing the catalyst from his private plane to destroy all ink in New York, triggering a complete financial collapse due to all the documents and information lost-to say nothing of the anarchy that would result as gang warfare became the only way to survive -, while the Gentleman's own recently-purchased material wealth would significantly increase in value.

Using a lower ratio of catalyst to monomer ( 2: 1, rather than 4: 1 ) may increase the regioregularity of poly ( 3-dodecylthiophene ) s. Andreani et al.

Polypyrrole is also being investigated in low temperature fuel cell technology to increase the catalyst dispersion in the carbon support layers and to sensitize cathode electrocatalysts as it has been inferred that the metal electrocatalysts ( Pt, Co, etc.

Those possessing the Ardais gift of catalyst telepathy are able to activate latent laran potential in others and in rapport with other trained matrix workers, they can increase laran ability.

The catalyst only serves to increase the rate of reaction as it does not change the position of the thermodynamic equilibrium.

While the stated goal for RecycleMania is to have a fair and friendly recycling competition, the program ’ s underlying value is to help campuses increase recycling and waste reduction activity by raising awareness among students and staff and by providing the catalyst for colleges and universities to build and expand their programs on campus.

One of the newest lean-burn technologies available in automobiles currently in production uses very precise control of fuel injection, a strong air-fuel swirl created in the combustion chamber, a new linear air-fuel sensor ( LAF type O2 sensor ) and a lean-burn NOx catalyst to further reduce the resulting NOx emissions that increase under " lean-burn " conditions and meet NOx emissions requirements.

The reaction is carried out under pressure at a temperature of 200 ° C in the presence of a metallic catalyst.

Adding a catalyst will affect both the forward reaction and the reverse reaction in the same way and will not have an effect on the equilibrium constant.

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst.

Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself.

A catalyst works by providing an alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product.

The rate of the reaction is increased as this alternative route has a lower activation energy than the reaction route not mediated by the catalyst.

Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process regenerating the catalyst.

The following is a typical reaction scheme, where C represents the catalyst, X and Y are reactants, and Z is the product of the reaction of X and Y:

Although the catalyst is consumed by reaction 1, it is subsequently produced by reaction 4, so for the overall reaction:

The intermediate reaction states were: HO < sub > 2 </ sub >, H < sub > 2 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub >, then H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sub > 2 </ sub > and the final reaction product ( water molecule dimers ), after which the water molecule desorbs from the catalyst surface.

Generic potential energy diagram showing the effect of a catalyst in a hypothetical exothermic chemical reaction X + Y to give Z.

The presence of the catalyst opens a different reaction pathway ( shown in red ) with a lower activation energy.

Introducing the catalyst to the system would result in reaction to move to the new equilibrium, producing energy.