Brentano argued that every categorical proposition can be translated into an existential one without change in meaning and that the " exists " and " does not exist " of the existential proposition take the place of the copula.

: The categorical proposition " No stone is living " has the same meaning as the existential proposition " A living stone does not exist " or " there is no living stone ".

: The categorical proposition " All men are mortal " has the same meaning as the existential proposition " An immortal man does not exist " or " there is no immortal man ".

: The categorical proposition " Some man is not learned " has the same meaning as the existential proposition " A non-learned man exists " or " there is a non-learned man ".

As a responsible member of the commission we do not accept any such categorical, absolute proposition that whales should not be killed or caught.

Each part is a categorical proposition, and each categorical proposition contains two categorical terms.

According to Ockham a consequence is a conditional proposition, composed of two categorical propositions by the terms ' if ' and ' then '.

This diagram shows the contradictory relationships between categorical proposition s in the square of opposition of Term logic | Aristotelian logic.

For the implication P → Q, the converse is Q → P. For the categorical proposition All S is P, the converse is All P is S. In neither case does the converse necessarily follow from the original statement.

A categorical proposition is a simple proposition containing two terms, subject and predicate, in which the predicate is either asserted or denied of the subject.

Every categorical proposition can be reduced to one of four logical forms.

Each proposition ( statement that is a thought of the kind expressible by a declarative sentence ) of a syllogism is a categorical sentence which has a subject and a predicate connected by a verb.

A categorical proposition contains a subject and predicate where the existential impact of the copula implies the proposition as referring to a class with at least one member, in contrast to the conditional form of hypothetical or materially implicative propositions, which are compounds of other propositions, e. g. If P, then Q, where P and Q are both propositions, and their existential impact is dependent upon further propositions where in quantification existence is instantiated ( existential instantiation ).

Some argue that rather than a categorical approach, a fully dimensional, spectrum or complaint-oriented approach would better reflect the evidence.

Some Islamic scholars argued that Qiyas refers to reasoning, which Ibn Hazm ( 994-1064 ) disagreed with, arguing that Qiyas does not refer to inductive reasoning, but refers to categorical syllogism in a real sense and analogical reasoning in a metaphorical sense.

Some hold that BPD represents a subthreshold form of affective disorder, while others maintain the categorical distinction between the disorders while noting they often co-occur.

Some Islamic scholars argued that Qiyas refers to inductive reasoning, which Ibn Hazm ( 994-1064 ) disagreed with, arguing that Qiyas does not refer to inductive reasoning, but refers to categorical syllogism in a real sense and analogical reasoning in a metaphorical sense.

Some Islamic scholars argued that qiyas refers to inductive reasoning, which Ibn Hazm ( 994-1064 ) disagreed with, arguing that qiyas does not refer to inductive reasoning, but refers to categorical syllogism in a real sense and analogical reasoning in a metaphorical sense.

In the categorical classification of all beings, all substances are partly the same: man and chimpanzee are both animals and the animal part in man is " the same " as the animal part in chimpanzee.

A criminal on the grounds of the Golden Rule could dispute with judges or a man could refuse to give to charity, both of which are incompatible under the universality of the categorical imperative.

Apart from the categorical imperative they derive from the metaphysics of the orgasm, the only affirmation they are capable of making is that art is their only refuge.

So far as the existing body of formal principle and procedure is concerned, categorical novelties are not to be anticipated in Jewish-Gentile relationships ; ;

In category theory, an automorphism is an endomorphism ( i. e. a morphism from an object to itself ) which is also an isomorphism ( in the categorical sense of the word ).

Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibacterials should never be mixed is widespread.

The central concept which is needed for this purpose is called categorical limit, and can be dualized to yield the notion of a colimit.

The DSM-IV is a categorical classification system.

Its claim to be " atheoretical " is held to be unconvincing because it makes sense if and only if all mental disorder is categorical by nature, which only a biological model of mental disorder can satisfy.

There is a useful categorical interpretation of the map.

For example, an equivalence relation with exactly two infinite equivalence classes is an easy example of a theory which is ω-categorical, but not categorical for any larger cardinal number.

Radbruch's legal philosophy derived from Neokantianism, which assumes that a categorical cleavage exists between " is " ( sein ) and " ought " ( sollen ).

The categorical dual of an inverse limit is a direct limit ( or inductive limit ).

It is also agreed that " no direct or categorical and stringent proof of the dogma can be brought forward from Scripture ".

Despite caveats in the introduction to the DSM, it has long been argued that its system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and uses arbitrary cut-offs between normal and abnormal.

It has long been argued that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) system of classification makes unjustified categorical distinctions between disorders, and between normal and abnormal.

The term has been used to express dissatisfaction with what some people consider the limitations of science fiction, or otherwise to designate fiction that falls under readily stereotypical genres so that it can be pigeonholed within such categorical limits as " fantasy " or " mystery ".

It has been conjectured that a hypernova may have caused the Ordovician – Silurian mass extinction on Earth 440 million years ago, but there is no categorical evidence for this hypothesis.

Indeed, the term chimera has become the categorical term for such composites within the English language.

Kendler has further suggested that " essentialist " gene models of psychiatric disorders, and the hope that we will be able to validate categorical psychiatric diagnoses by " carving nature at its joints " solely as a result of gene discovery, are implausible.

Kramberger has also started with the extensive categorical critical reflexivity in the field of history in Slovenia, and has released many angry reactions in the history field, but mostly she left the historians-unable to confront its own shadows from the past-silenced.

The categorical distinction between mood disorders and schizophrenia, known as the Kraepelinian dichotomy, has also been challenged by data from genetic epidemiology.

Kant's view that morality should be determined by the categorical imperative – duty to the moral law, rather than acting for a specific end – has been viewed as incompatible with divine command theory.

If the axiom set is not categorical ( so that there is more than one model ) one has the geometry / geometries debate to settle.

Omertà implies " the categorical prohibition of cooperation with state authorities or reliance on its services, even when one has been victim of a crime.

A theory is called categorical if it has only one model, up to isomorphism.

The Löwenheim – Skolem theorem dealt a first blow to this hope, as it implies that a first-order theory which has an infinite model cannot be categorical.

This class of spaces is broader and has some better categorical properties than simplicial complexes, but still retains a combinatorial nature

This can be contrasted with a categorical grant which has more strict and specific provisions on the way it is to be spent.

Affirmative conclusion from a negative premise ( illicit negative ) is a logical fallacy that is committed when a categorical syllogism has a positive conclusion, but one or two negative premises.

# If a given categorical node has dependent children ( e. g. when it is a latent variable in a mixture model ), the value computed in the previous step ( expected count plus prior, or whatever is computed ) must be multiplied by the actual conditional probabilities ( not a computed value that is proportional to the probability!

The content of the universal moral law, the categorical imperative, must be nothing over and above the law's form, otherwise it will be dependent on the desires that the law's possessor has.

This is in contrast to a categorical view of psychosis, where psychosis is considered to be a particular ( usually pathological ) state, that someone either has, or has not.