The propositional satisfiability problem ( PSAT ), which decides whether a given propositional formula is satisfiable, is of central importance in various areas of computer science, including theoretical computer science, algorithmics, artificial intelligence, hardware design, electronic design automation, and verification.

Neural network models which emulate the central nervous system are part of theoretical neuroscience and computational neuroscience.

The central role of syntax within theoretical linguistics became clear only in the 20th century, which could reasonably be called the " century of syntactic theory " as far as linguistics is concerned.

Working memory is a theoretical concept central both to cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

A unitary state may closely resemble a federation in structure and, while a central government may possess the theoretical right to revoke the autonomy of a self-governing region, it may be politically difficult for it to do so in practice.

Notes issued by central banks had a theoretical risk when they were backed by gold and silver.

The Klinikum Aachen contains many specialised clinics, theoretical and clinical institutes and other research facilities, lecture halls, schools for jobs in the medical field, and all facilities necessary for a hospital like a laundry and central sterilisation.

His central theoretical works are " Literature and the Right to Death " ( in The Work of Fire and The Gaze of Orpheus ), The Space of Literature, The Infinite Conversation, and The Writing of Disaster.

In this perspective, whilst theoretical approaches are unified across biology, psychology and anthropology, for a full account of specific kinship patterns in any particular human society, ethnographic methods, including the analysis of historical contingencies, symbolic systems, economic and other influences, remain central.

As it turns out this study was about the only academic field with a solid, central core of theoretical dynamics.

Functional integration is central to quantization techniques in theoretical physics.

The central theoretical journal of the ICL ( FI ) is Spartacist which is published in four languages approximately once a year.

Research of applied linguistics was shifted to " the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems in which language is a central issue.

Though their interest in textual study initially met with heavy resistance from the establishment, the practice eventually gained a foothold and soon became one of the central methods of literary scholarship in American universities until it fell out of favor in the 1970s as post-structuralism, deconstructionist theory, and a whole plethora of competing theoretical models vied for more attention in literary studies.

Complete partial orders play a central role in theoretical computer science, in denotational semantics and domain theory.

The second notion, methodological individualism, is the idea that actors are the central theoretical and ontological elements in social systems, and social structure is an epiphenomenon, a result and consequence of the actions and activities of interacting individuals.

While the structure / agency debate has been a central issue in social theory, and recent theoretical reconciliation attempts have been made, structure / agency theory has tended to develop more in European countries by European theorists, while social theorists from the United States have tended to focus instead on the issue of integration between macrosociological and microsociological perspectives.

A map of the theoretical Swedish central defence ( doctrine ) | central defence systems discussed and planned in the later part of the 19th century, the three proposed central fortresses marked with stars, and probable Imperial Russia | Russian directions of attack marked with arrows.

Critics of institutionalism have maintained that the concept of " institution " is so central for all social science that it is senseless to use it as a buzzword for a particular theoretical school.

Moral psychological issues have been central theoretical issues explored by philosophers from the early days of the profession right up until the present.

If banks instead lend less than the maximum, accumulating excess reserves, then commercial bank money will be less than central bank money times the theoretical multiplier.

Most simply, it can be defined either as the statistic of " commercial bank money "/" central bank money ", based on the actual observed quantities of various empirical measures of money supply, such as M2 ( broad money ) over M0 ( base money ), or it can be the theoretical " maximum commercial bank money / central bank money " ratio, defined as the reciprocal of the reserve ratio, The multiplier in the first ( statistic ) sense fluctuates continuously based on changes in commercial bank money and central bank money ( though it is at most the theoretical multiplier ), while the multiplier in the second ( legal ) sense depends only on the reserve ratio, and thus does not change unless the law changes.

Dialectic ( also dialectics and the dialectical method ) is a method of argument for resolving disagreement that has been central to Indian and European philosophy since antiquity.

Discussion of the links between virtue of character ( ethikē aretē ) and happiness ( eudaimonia ) is one of the central preoccupations of ancient ethics, and a subject of much disagreement.

Many of the central themes in McDowell's work have also been pursued in similar ways by his Pittsburgh colleague Robert Brandom ( though McDowell has stated strong disagreement with some of Brandom's readings and appropriations of his work ).

While everyone most likely agrees a central bank should not lie to the public, wide disagreement exists on how a central bank can best serve the public interest.

In this sense, the central disagreement between economic ideologies can be viewed as a disagreement about how powerful the " invisible hand " is.

The central disagreement was over the handling of the company's estimated US $ 2. 2 billion (€ 1. 7 billion ) debts to Portugal.

He resigned from this position in July 2007 after disagreement over the political direction that the central PP ( Partido Popular, People's Party ) wanted to impose over the Catalan branch of the party.

A central point of disagreement between these two groups of musicians was between traditional and new musical forms.

A disagreement with Marshal Münich led him, in spite of the empress's offers of high advancement, to return to central Europe in 1765.

Daniel Dennett believes that this is basically a disagreement about semantics and that it is peripheral to the central questions of the philosophy of artificial intelligence.

There is however disagreement among legal logicians whether defeasible reasoning is central, e. g., in the consideration of open texture, precedent, exceptions, and rationales, or whether it applies only to explicit defeasance clauses.

Why, in the first place, call himself a liberal if he is against laissez-faire and favors an authoritarian central government with womb-to-tomb controls over everybody??

The central concern of Erich Auerbach's impressive volume called Mimesis is to describe the shift from a classic theory of imitation ( based upon a recognition of levels of truth ) to a Christian theory of imitation in which the levels are dissolved.

Almost nothing is said of Charles' spectacular victories, the central theme being the heroic loyalty of the Swedish people to their idolized king in misfortune and defeat.

An advantage of being exposed to such specificity about an important and recurring feature of social reality is that it can be taken advantage of by the reader to examine covert as well as overt resonances within himself, resonances triggered by explicit symbols clustering around the central figure of the Jew.

It is obvious that the historian who seeks to recapture the ideas that have motivated human behavior throughout a given period will find the art and literature of that age one of his central and major concerns, by no means a mere supplement or adjunct of significant historical research.

The Walnut Trees Of Altenburg is composed in the form of a triptych, with the two small side panels framing and enclosing the main central episode of the novel.

There is a trend to packaging meat at a central source, freezing it, and shipping it to outlying stores, where meat cutters will not be required.

The girls are kept booked and moving by several agents, notably voluble, black-bearded Murat Somay, a Manhattan Turk who is the Sol Hurok of the central abdomen.

One matter of concern to the complete effectiveness of pool operations is the lack of adequate central garage facilities.

You can install it yourself -- this is a central system that will cool every part of your house.

Best of all, central air conditioning is something you can afford.

No matter what style your home is, ranch, two-story, Colonial or contemporary, central air conditioning is easily installed.

Its oil for heating is metered monthly to each home from a line that starts at a central storage point.

The idea of a central tank with lines to each house is not in itself a novelty.

On this first venture the central storage is 20,000 gallons, in two tanks, or an average of 400 gallons for each of the 50 homes.

The central storage is near a main artery quite easy to reach with large transports on a short crescent swing, with fewer trucks in the residential streets.

The measured brightness temperature is a good approximation to the brightness temperature at the center of the lunar disk because of the narrow antenna beam and because the temperature distribution over the central portion of the moon's disk is nearly uniform.

Furthermore, conditioned reactions are fundamentally altered when the hypothalamic sympathetic reactivity is augmented beyond a critical level, and several types of behavioral changes probably related to the degree of central autonomic `` tuning '' are observed.

It has further been shown that: ( 1 ) an experimental neurosis in its initial stages is associated with a reversible shift in the central autonomic balance ; ;

And in the economy of the book it is not peripheral but central.

This movement of industry away from the central cities is not so catastrophically new as some prophets seem to believe.

Only a radical change in the nature of the population in the central city would be likely to destroy this preference -- and we must now turn our attention to the question of whether such a change, gloomily foreseen by so many urban diagnosticians, is actually upon us.

Both of them did communicate one central theme: Against the ruin of the world, there is only one defense -- the creative act.