Canadian football used the rugby scrimmage unaltered until near the end of the 19th Century, when, regionally at first, under the influence of the American scrimmage, the number of players in the scrimmage was limited to three -- a " centre scrimmager " bound on either side by props called " side scrimmagers ".

In scrimmage, each team had one centre scrimmager flanked by two side scrimmagers.

The side scrimmagers bound with hands and arms to their centre scrimmager.

The centre scrimmager of the side entitled ( and required ) to do so would put the ball down in front of him for play by scrimmage, while both sets of three bodies each (" formed into one compact body " as the rules specified ) were crouched and shoving forward at each other, probably meeting at the shoulders as do the front row of forwards in rugby's set scummage.

The York school was renowned as a centre of learning, in the liberal arts, literature and science as well as in religious matters .< ref name = RenewAmerica >

Aachen was the administrative centre for the coal-mining industries in neighbouring places to the northeast ; it never played any role in brown coal mining, however, neither in administrative or industrial terms.

Aachen's railway station, the Hauptbahnhof ( Central Station ), was constructed in 1841 at the Cologne-Aachen railway line and replaced in 1905, moving it significantly closer to the city centre.

At the centre of Alfred's reformed military defence system was a network of fortresses, or burhs, distributed at strategic points throughout the kingdom.

In early manhood ( c. 464 – 461 BC ) he went to Athens, which was rapidly becoming the centre of Greek culture.

From the Renaissance onward the chained nude figure of Andromeda typically was the centre of interest, and often she was shown alone, fearfully awaiting the monster.

It was known as Asuristan during this period, and became a main centre of the Church of the East ( now the Assyrian Church of the East ), with a flourishing Syriac ( Assyrian ) Christian culture which exists there to this day.

The second Abbasid caliph, Al Mansur ( 754 – 775 ) founded the city of Baghdad to act as a centre of learning, and included in its design a library-translation centre known as Bayt al-Hikma ‘ Storehouse of Wisdom ’, which continued to receive development from his heirs and was to provide a major impetus for Arabic-Persian translations of Hellenistic astrological texts.

Kabul University was a centre for political debate and activism during that time.

Nuremberg was then an important and prosperous city, a centre for publishing and many luxury trades.

In the summer of 2001 a new visitors ' centre was opened to the public beside the Abbey's west front.

An archaeological investigation of the site of the visitors ' centre before building started revealed the foundations of the medieval precinct wall, with a gateway, and stonework discarded during manufacture, showing that the area was the site of the masons ' yard while the Abbey was being built.

Aberdare, during its boom years, was considered a centre of Welsh culture: it hosted the first National Eisteddfod in 1861, again in 1885, and in 1956 at Aberdare Park where the Gorsedd standing stones still exist.

Abersychan was a thriving industrial centre in the 19th century and early 20th century, particularly for iron production.

The centre of this cult was in uten-ha / Sa-ka / Cynopolis, a place whose Greek name simply means " city of dogs ".

The Council recognized expert help was required to help shape what the town centre should look like over the next 10 – 15 years and how to make this happen.

In antiquity, Arcturus was closer to the centre of the constellation.

The town was redeveloped in the 1970s with a new town centre layout and traffic system.

The modern beef breed was developed in the 1950s by Professor Hanset, working at an artificial insemination centre in Liege province.

Both Benedict Biscop and Ceolfrith had acquired books from the Continent, and in Bede's day the monastery was a renowned centre of learning.

By 16: 00, with the enemy troops besieged in Blenheim and Oberglau, the Allied centre of 81 squadrons ( nine squadrons had been transferred from Cutts ' column ), supported by 18 battalions was firmly planted amidst the French line of 64 squadrons and nine battalions of raw recruits.

With the battle still not won, Marlborough had to rebuke one of his cavalry officers who was attempting to leave the field – " Sir, you are under a mistake, the enemy lies that way ..." Now, at the Duke's command, the second Allied line under von Bulow and the Count of Ost-Friese was ordered forward, and, driving through the centre, the Allies finally put Tallard's tired horse to rout, not without cost.

A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely due to the impact of its cultural and political achievements during the 5th and 4th centuries BC in later centuries on the rest of the then known European continent.

Disputed facts mostly centre on the number of German sailors who escaped the sinking submarine, to be killed later.

Steinmetz is at centre ; he died two years later.

By mid-1896 all of Satie's financial means had vanished, and he had to move to cheaper and much smaller lodgings, first at the, and two years later, after he'd composed the two first sets of in 1897, to Arcueil, a suburb some five kilometres from the centre of Paris.

Ephrem is popularly credited as the founder of the School of Nisibis, which in later centuries was the centre of learning of the Syriac Orthodox Church.

In the later Middle Ages, destructive Mongol invasions from the East, and the loss of population in the Black Death, greatly weakened the traditional centre of the Islamic world, stretching from Persia to Egypt, and the Ottoman Empire was able to conquer most Arabic-speaking areas, creating an Islamic world power again, although one that was unable to master the challenges of the Early Modern period.

In Victorian times and later the town has spread westwards and northwards, and now forms a single urban centre with the more suburban area of St Leonards-on-Sea to the west.

Modern scholarship dating from the Wissenschaft des Judentums movement of 19th century Germany, as well as textual analysis influenced by the 20th Century discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, suggests that dating from this period there existed " liturgical formulations of a communal nature designated for particular occasions and conducted in a centre totally independent of Jerusalem and the Temple, making use of terminology and theological concepts that were later to become dominant in Jewish and, in some cases, Christian prayer.

It became a centre of Zoroastrianism followed by Buddhism and Hinduism later.

Henry III granted Kenilworth in 1244 to Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who later became a leader in the Second Barons ' War ( 1263 – 67 ) against the king, using Kenilworth as the centre of his operations.

During Babrak Karmal's later years, and during Najibullah's tenure, the PDPA tried to improve their standing with Muslims by moving, or appearing to move, to the political centre.

Paris has many nicknames, but its most famous is " La Ville-Lumière " (" The City of Light "), a name it owes first to its fame as a centre of education and ideas during the Age of Enlightenment, and later to its early adoption of street lighting.

In 1994 the centre was expanded again, tripling in size and a decade later it was further expanded by the addition of the Wolfson Wing.

Some scholars historians argue that Solomon's apparent initial devotion to YHWH, described in passages such as his dedication prayer (), were written much later, after Jerusalem had become the religious centre of the kingdom, replacing locations such as Shiloh and Bethel.

The island Isola Tiberina in the centre of Rome, between Trastevere and the ancient center, was the site of an important ancient ford and was later bridged.

In previous times they were most often encountered in flour mills and their storage containers, and later in coal mines, but now most commonly in discharged oil tankers and refineries, the most recent being at Buncefield in the UK where the blast wave woke people from its centre.

Subsequently known as Dorpat ( Tarbatum ), Tartu became a commercial centre of considerable importance during the later Middle Ages and the capital of the semi-independent Bishopric of Dorpat.

More specifically, FF was a centre right " catch all " party and later joined the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party, AN was a moderate-conservative party and eventually joined the European People's Party through The People of Freedom, and Lega Nord was supportive of a " Europe of Regions ".

The centre of gravity of Wessex in the late 6th and early 7th century seems to have lain farther to the north than in later periods, following successful expansion to the south and west.

The capital of the Caliphate will later moved from Damascus to Baghdad, within the territory of the former Persian Empire ; this transfer will prove to be a momentous event for Baghdad, which develops into a centre of international trade and culture.

During a later division of territory among the heirs of Duke Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria, in 1294, the elder branch of the Wittelsbachs came into possession of both the Rhenish Palatinate and the territories in the Bavarian " Nordgau " ( Bavaria north of the Danube river ) with the centre around the town of Amberg.

Six decades later the city centre has still not been fully rebuilt, and hollow walls and devastated buildings are commonplace.

An important early centre, Armoy later declined, overshadowed by the monasteries at Movilla ( Newtownards ) and Bangor.

Burton showed a talent for English and Welsh literature at grammar school, and demonstrated an excellent memory, though his consuming interest was sports – rugby ( in fact famous Welsh centre Bleddyn Williams said in his autobiography that Burton could have gone far as a player ), cricket, and table tennis He later said, " I would rather have played for Wales at Cardiff Arms Park than Hamlet at the Old Vic.