The York school was renowned as a centre of learning, in the liberal arts, literature and science as well as in religious matters .< ref name = RenewAmerica >

Aachen was the administrative centre for the coal-mining industries in neighbouring places to the northeast ; it never played any role in brown coal mining, however, neither in administrative or industrial terms.

Aachen's railway station, the Hauptbahnhof ( Central Station ), was constructed in 1841 at the Cologne-Aachen railway line and replaced in 1905, moving it significantly closer to the city centre.

At the centre of Alfred's reformed military defence system was a network of fortresses, or burhs, distributed at strategic points throughout the kingdom.

In early manhood ( c. 464 – 461 BC ) he went to Athens, which was rapidly becoming the centre of Greek culture.

From the Renaissance onward the chained nude figure of Andromeda typically was the centre of interest, and often she was shown alone, fearfully awaiting the monster.

It was known as Asuristan during this period, and became a main centre of the Church of the East ( now the Assyrian Church of the East ), with a flourishing Syriac ( Assyrian ) Christian culture which exists there to this day.

The second Abbasid caliph, Al Mansur ( 754 – 775 ) founded the city of Baghdad to act as a centre of learning, and included in its design a library-translation centre known as Bayt al-Hikma ‘ Storehouse of Wisdom ’, which continued to receive development from his heirs and was to provide a major impetus for Arabic-Persian translations of Hellenistic astrological texts.

Kabul University was a centre for political debate and activism during that time.

Nuremberg was then an important and prosperous city, a centre for publishing and many luxury trades.

In the summer of 2001 a new visitors ' centre was opened to the public beside the Abbey's west front.

An archaeological investigation of the site of the visitors ' centre before building started revealed the foundations of the medieval precinct wall, with a gateway, and stonework discarded during manufacture, showing that the area was the site of the masons ' yard while the Abbey was being built.

Aberdare, during its boom years, was considered a centre of Welsh culture: it hosted the first National Eisteddfod in 1861, again in 1885, and in 1956 at Aberdare Park where the Gorsedd standing stones still exist.

Abersychan was a thriving industrial centre in the 19th century and early 20th century, particularly for iron production.

The centre of this cult was in uten-ha / Sa-ka / Cynopolis, a place whose Greek name simply means " city of dogs ".

The Council recognized expert help was required to help shape what the town centre should look like over the next 10 – 15 years and how to make this happen.

In antiquity, Arcturus was closer to the centre of the constellation.

The town was redeveloped in the 1970s with a new town centre layout and traffic system.

The modern beef breed was developed in the 1950s by Professor Hanset, working at an artificial insemination centre in Liege province.

Both Benedict Biscop and Ceolfrith had acquired books from the Continent, and in Bede's day the monastery was a renowned centre of learning.

By 16: 00, with the enemy troops besieged in Blenheim and Oberglau, the Allied centre of 81 squadrons ( nine squadrons had been transferred from Cutts ' column ), supported by 18 battalions was firmly planted amidst the French line of 64 squadrons and nine battalions of raw recruits.

With the battle still not won, Marlborough had to rebuke one of his cavalry officers who was attempting to leave the field – " Sir, you are under a mistake, the enemy lies that way ..." Now, at the Duke's command, the second Allied line under von Bulow and the Count of Ost-Friese was ordered forward, and, driving through the centre, the Allies finally put Tallard's tired horse to rout, not without cost.

The historic centre of Aalen and the other areas in the Kocher valley are founded completely on holocenic floodplain loam ( Auelehm ) and riverbed gravel that have filled in the valley.

The city started to play a regional role as a major urban centre on the fringes of the newly founded Frankish Duchy of Vasconia.

Londinium was a relatively new settlement, founded after the conquest of 43AD, but it had grown to be a thriving commercial centre with a population of travellers, traders, and, probably, Roman officials.

Dublin Castle, which became the centre of Norman power in Ireland, was founded in 1204 as a major defensive work on the orders of King John of England.

In 1997 the Fundación Isaac Albéniz was founded in his name to promote Spanish music and musicians and to act as a research centre for Albéniz and Spanish music in general.

Liubice (" lovely ") was founded on the banks of the river Trave about four kilometres north of the present-day city centre of Lübeck.

The foundation of the University of Leipzig in 1409 initiated the city's development into a centre of German law and the publishing industry, and towards being the location of the Reichsgericht ( Imperial Court of Justice ), and the German National Library ( founded in 1912 ).

Perth was originally founded by Captain James Stirling in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony, and gained city status in 1856 ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ).

For example, Taxila was an early centre of Vedic learning, possible from the 6th century BC or earlier ; the Platonic Academy founded in Athens in the 4th century BC seems to have included theological themes in its subject matter ; the Chinese Taixue delivered Confucian teaching from the 2nd century BC ; the School of Nisibis was a centre of Christian learning from the 4th century AD ; Nalanda in India was a site of Buddhist higher learning from at least the 5th or 6th century AD ; and the Moroccan University of Al-Karaouine was a centre of Islamic learning from the 10th century, as was Al-Azhar University in Cairo.

The city became the centre of the German Liberation movement against Napoleon, and the gathering place for volunteers from all over Germany, with the Iron Cross military decoration founded by Frederick William III of Prussia in early March 1813.

Lindisfarne on the east coast was founded from Iona by Saint Aidan in about 635, and was to remain the major Northumbrian monastic centre, producing figures like Wilfrid and Saint Cuthbert.

Pavia held out against the domination of Milan, finally yielding to the Visconti family, rulers of that city in 1359 ; under the Visconti Pavia became an intellectual and artistic centre, being the seat from 1361 of the University of Pavia founded around the nucleus of the old school of law, which attracted students from many countries.

The University of Naples Federico II was founded by Frederick II in the city, the oldest state university in the world, making Naples the intellectual centre of the kingdom.

Furthermore it had to compete with the nearby trading centre Dorestad, also founded near the location of a Roman fortress.

Besides these buildings which were part of the official structures of the bishopric ; an additional four parish churches were constructed in the city: the Jacobikerk ( dedicated to Saint James ), founded in the 11th century, with the current Gothic church dating back to the 14th century ; the Buurkerk ( Neighbourhood-church ) of the 11th century parish in the centre of the city ; Nicolaichurch ( dedicated to Saint Nicholas ), from the 12th century and the 13th century Geertekerk ( dedicated to Saint Gertrude of Nivelles ).

In 970, al-Azhar University was founded in Cairo, which to this day remains the most important centre of Sunni Islamic learning.

The city was a Roman settlement but only became an important centre under the Saxons when King Ine of Wessex founded a minster church in 704.

The presence of Scone two miles ( 3 km ) northeast, the main royal centre of the Kingdom of Alba from at least the reign of Kenneth I mac Ailpín ( 843 – 58 ), later the site of the major Augustinian abbey of the same name founded by Alexander I ( 1107 – 24 ), enhanced Perth's early importance.

The Iceland Air Defence System or Íslenska Loftvarnarkerfið was founded in 1987, and operates four radar complexes, a software and support facility and a command and report centre.

Maximilian Kolbe founded the monthly periodical Rycerz Niepokalanej in 1922, and in 1927 founded a Conventual Franciscan monastery at Niepokalanow, which became a major publishing centre.