The same structures are present in other mammals, although the cerebellum is not so large relative to the rest of the brain.

If both copies are damaged, the Purkinje layer ( a part of the cerebellum that contains better-connected neurons than any other ) develops abnormally, runting is more common, and pups die within weeks due to inadequate lung development.

Like the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres ; it also contains a narrow midline zone called the vermis.

Because of its large number of tiny granule cells, the cerebellum contains more neurons than the rest of the brain put together, but it takes up only 10 % of total brain volume.

The pons contains nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture.

The numerical majority of neurons reside in the cerebellum, which contains vast numbers of tiny neurons called granule cells.

The mesencephalic duct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, aqueduct of Sylvius or the cerebral aqueduct, contains cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ), is within the mesencephalon ( or midbrain ) and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum.

The supratentorial region contains the cerebrum, while the infratentorial region contains the cerebellum.

It contains the brainstem and cerebellum.

The metencephalon is composed of the pons and the cerebellum ; it contains:

The metencephalon is composed of the pons and the cerebellum ; contains a portion of the fourth ventricle ; and the trigeminal nerve ( CN V ), abducens nerve ( CN VI ), facial nerve ( CN VII ), and a portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve ( CN VIII ).

The fastigial nucleus contains excitatory axons which project beyond the cerebellum, unlike the Purkinje cells that convey the purely-inhibitory output of the cerebellar cortex.

At the level of large scale anatomy, the cerebellum consists of a tightly folded and crumpled layer of cortex, with white matter underneath, several deep nuclei embedded in the white matter, and a fluid-filled ventricle at the base.

The cerebellum is located at the bottom of the brain, with the large mass of the cerebral cortex above it and the portion of the brainstem called the pons in front of it.

The braincase of Protoavis is similar in some respects to Troodon, with an enlarged cerebellum that shifted the optic lobes ventrolaterally, and also has a large floccular lobe.

He is best known for his 1837 discovery of Purkinje cells, large neurons with many branching dendrites found in the cerebellum.

The large white area in the upper-left corner is where the cerebellum would be.

While the Duffy antigen is expressed on erythrocytes it is also found on some epithelial cells, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, endothelial cells of thyroid capillaries, the post-capillary venules of some organs including the spleen, liver and kidney and the large pulmonary venules.

To a large extent, the coordination of all these muscles and maintenance of equilibrium is mediated by the cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

This is the most common cause of syringomyelia, where the anatomic abnormality causes the lower part of the cerebellum to protrude from its normal location in the back of the head into the cervical or neck portion of the spinal canal.

He was the first person to differentiate between the cerebrum and the cerebellum and to place individual importance on each portion.

Taken together, results from lesion, inactivation, and neural recording studies seem to demonstrate that the dorsolateral portion of the anterior interpositus nucleus ( INP ) of the cerebellum, ipsilateral to the trained eye, is an essential site for CR acquisition and expression in EBC ( Lincoln et al., 1982 ; Lavond et al., 1984a, b ).

The posterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobes, cerebellum and brainstem.

The vermis is the unpaired, median portion of the cerebellum that connects the two hemispheres.

The anterior lobe of cerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum responsible for mediating unconscious proprioception.

The tentorium cerebelli or cerebellar tentorium ( Latin: " tent of the cerebellum ") is an extension of the dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the inferior portion of the occipital lobes.

Any type of focal lesion of the central nervous system ( such as stroke, brain tumour, multiple sclerosis ) will cause the type of ataxia corresponding to the site of the lesion: cerebellar if in the cerebellum, sensory if in the dorsal spinal cord ( and rarely in the thalamus or parietal lobe ), vestibular if in the vestibular system ( including the vestibular areas of the cerebral cortex ).

Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon ( cerebral hemispheres ), diencephalon ( thalamus and hypothalamus ), mesencephalon ( midbrain ), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, consist of layers that are folded or convoluted to fit within the available space.

Certain classes of dendrites ( i. e. Purkinje cells of cerebellum, cerebral cortex ) contain small projections referred to as " appendages " or " spines ".

Another estimate is 86 billion neurons, of which 16. 3 billion are in the cerebral cortex, and 69 billion in the cerebellum.

Instead of a one or two step chain of processing, the visual signals pass through perhaps a dozen stages of integration, involving the thalamus, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, superior colliculus, cerebellum, and several brainstem nuclei.

Grey matter is distributed at the surface of the cerebral hemispheres ( cerebral cortex ) and of the cerebellum ( cerebellar cortex ), as well as in the depths of the cerebrum ( thalamus ; hypothalamus ; subthalamus, basal ganglia-putamen, globus pallidus, nucleus accumbens ; septal nuclei ), cerebellar ( deep cerebellar nuclei-dentate nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, fastigial nucleus ), brainstem ( substantia nigra, red nucleus, olivary nuclei, cranial nerve nuclei ) and spinal grey matter ( anterior horn, lateral horn, posterior horn ).

Many patients with WNND have normal neuroimaging studies, although abnormalities may be present in various cerebral areas including the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem.

CB < sub > 1 </ sub > is expressed at high densities in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex.

Phenytoin may accumulate in the cerebral cortex over long periods of time, as well as causing atrophy of the cerebellum when administered at chronically high levels.

In terms of anatomy, the cerebellum has the appearance of a separate structure attached to the bottom of the brain, tucked underneath the cerebral hemispheres.

The surface of the cerebellum is covered with finely spaced parallel grooves, in striking contrast to the broad irregular convolutions of the cerebral cortex.

Essentially, Vandervert has argued that when a person is confronted with a challenging new situation, visual-spatial working memory and speech-related working memory are decomposed and re-composed ( fractionated ) by the cerebellum and then blended in the cerebral cortex in an attempt to deal with the new situation.

Further, Vandervert and Vandervert-Weathers believe that this repetitive " mental prototyping " or mental rehearsal involving the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex explains the success of the self-driven, individualized patterning of repetitions initiated by the teaching methods of the Khan Academy.

These experiments led Flourens to the conclusion that the cerebral hemispheres are responsible for higher cognitive functions, that the cerebellum regulates and integrates movements, and that the medulla controls vital functions, such as circulation, respiration and general bodily stability.

Conduit Function-ascending and descending pathways course through the brainstem traveling to / from the spinal cord, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebral cortex.

According to neuroimaging data, PET studies on recall and recognition have consistently found increases in regional cerebral blood flow ( RCBF ) in the following six brain regions: ( 1 ) the prefrontal cortex, particularly on the right hemisphere ; ( 2 ) the hippocampal and parahippocampal regions of the medial temporal lobe ; ( 3 ) the anterior cingulate cortex ; ( 4 ) the posterior midline area that includes posterior cingulate, retrosplenial ( see retrosplenial region ), precuneus, and cuneus regions ; ( 5 ) the inferior parietal cortex, especially on the right hemisphere ; and ( 6 ) the cerebellum, particularly on the left. Hippocampus highlighted in red

Essentially, Vandervert has argued that when a child is confronted with a challenging new situation, visual-spatial working memory and speech-related and other notational system-related working memory are decomposed and re-composed ( fractionated ) by the cerebellum and then blended in the cerebral cortex in an attempt to deal with the new situation.

There are other bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS that are called ascending tracts. These carry sensory information from the periphery to the different areas of the brain ( such as the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem ).

Since its original discovery in the rabbit hippocampus, LTP has been observed in a variety of other neural structures, including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, amygdala, and many others.

* In the Bionicle universe, Psionics is an Elemental Power, which can be harnessed by Toa, Ce-Matoran ( its prefix " Ce -" derived from the words " cerebral " and " cerebellum ", words relating to the anatomy of the brain ), Makuta, and various other beings.