In Inuit mythology, Keelut is an evil chthonic spirit who resembles a hairless dog.

In analytical psychology, the term chthonic was often used to describe the spirit of nature within ; the unconscious earthly impulses of the Self, that is one's material depths, however not necessarily with negative connotations.

Daemons are good or benevolent nature spirits, beings of the same nature as both mortals and gods, similar to ghosts, chthonic heroes, spirit guides, forces of nature or the gods themselves ( see Plato's Symposium ).

The god of nighttime lightning has been interpreted as an aspect of Jupiter, either a chthonic manifestation of the god or a separate god of the underworld.

More recently, the view put forward by Georges Dumézil based on Indo-European parallels has dominated, wherein the Vanir, like the Æsir, derive from the pre-Germanic heritage of Germanic religion and embody the third of the three " functions " in his trifunctional hypothesis: chthonic and fertility deities.

Gymir has usually been interpreted as a sea-giant, but Magnus Olsen regarded him as an earth giant in connection with his interpretation of Skírnismál in light of the hieros gamos and he has also been seen as a chthonic deity.

It has been suggested that behind the vague outlines of this tale lurks an older myth having to do with Herakles ' encounter with the river deity Achelous, who had chthonic associations and whose name was the subject of speculative theological etymology among the Greeks, in this case involving acherōïs, another Greek word for " poplar.

Her elusive nature is indicated by the wildly divergent scholarly conjectures she has prompted: " she was considered a chthonic divinity by Wissowa, a lunar goddess by Pettazzoni, a bean-goddess by Latte, and a patroness of digestion by Dumézil.

It has been argued that Indo-European people, having no direct knowledge of the sea as they originated from inland areas, reused the theology of a deity originally either chthonic or wielding power over inland freshwaters as the god of the sea.

An elegant marble chair in the sanctuary has serpent arms, a reminder of the chthonic nature of all genuine oracles among the Hellenes.

Although there is no agreement as to the precise narrative detail being depicted, the conventional view has been that the god has just overtaken the serpent Python, the chthonic serpent of Delphi.

** Lernaean Hydra, an ancient nameless serpent-like chthonic water beast that possessed numerous heads

Leto was threatened and assailed in her wanderings by chthonic monsters of the ancient earth and old ways, and these became the enemies of Apollo and Artemis.

In Greek mythology, the Lernaean Hydra () was an ancient nameless serpent-like chthonic water beast, with reptilian traits, ( as its name evinces ) that possessed many heads — the poets mention more heads than the vase-painters could paint, and for each head cut off it grew two more — and poisonous breath so virulent even her tracks were deadly.

In ancient Roman religion, the Manes or Di Manes are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent souls of deceased loved ones.

The names of this divine couple indicate that they were connected to the Manes, chthonic divinities or spirits of the dead in ancient Roman belief and called man ( im ) by the Etruscans.

The three Gorgon sisters — Medusa, Stheno, and Euryale — were all children of the ancient marine deities Phorcys ( or Phorkys ) and his sister Ceto ( or Keto ), chthonic monsters from an archaic world.

Most animal sacrifice in the public religion of ancient Rome resulted in a communal meal and thus involved domestic animals whose flesh was a normal part of the Roman diet ; the dog occurs as a victim most often in magic and private rites for Hecate and other chthonic deities, but was offered publicly at the Lupercalia and two other sacrifices pertaining to grain crops.

Čajkanović pointed out that solar gods in various mythologies tend to have double aspects, one benevolent and light, representing the Sun in the sky during the day, and other malevolent and chthonic, representing the Sun in the underworld during the night.

In antiquity, Greek reports of cannibalism, ( often called anthropophagy in this context ) were related to distant non-Hellenic barbarians, or else relegated in Greek mythology to the ' primitive ' chthonic world that preceded the coming of the Olympian gods: see the explicit rejection of human sacrifice in the cannibal feast prepared for the Olympians by Tantalus of his son Pelops.

* At the first site, which was Epidaurus, sacred to Apollo and the healer Aesculapius, Theseus turned the tables on the chthonic bandit, the " clubber " Periphetes, who beat his opponents into the Earth, and took from him the stout staff that often identifies Theseus in vase-paintings.

This activity was deemed sacred, and was often attended by religious rituals intended to obtain the good will of chthonic deities such as Ops and Consus.

Some chthonic cults practised ritual sacrifice, which often happened at night time.

Calu is an Etruscan chthonic deity, often equated with the Etruscan equivalent to the Greek Hades, Aita.

The name Pluton was conflated with that of Ploutos ( Πλούτος Ploutos, " wealth "), a god of wealth, because mineral wealth was found underground, and because Pluto as a chthonic god ruled the deep earth that contained the seeds necessary for a bountiful harvest.

Originally a chthonic god of riches, fertile agricultural land, and underground mineral wealth, he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming an underworld deity.

Portraying Western culture as a struggle between masculine, phallic, sky-religion on the one hand, and feminine, chthonic, earth-religion on the other, Paglia seeks to show that Christianity did not destroy paganism, but rather drove it into the underground of Western culture, to later emerge in Renaissance art, Romanticism, and contemporary popular culture, especially Hollywood.

We generally find men associated with the above, the sky, and women associated with the below, with the earth, water of the underground, and the chthonic deities.

" While the Germanic word thus reflects a mythological notion of a " domain of Man " ( compare Midgard ), presumably as opposed to the divine sphere on the one hand and the chthonic sphere of the underworld on the other, the Greco-Latin term expresses a notion of creation as an act of establishing order out of chaos.

of Ἐρινύς, Erinys ; literally " the avengers ") from Greek ἐρίνειν " pursue, persecute "-- sometimes referred to as " infernal goddesses " ( Greek χθόνιαι θεαί )-- were female chthonic deities of vengeance.

In general, later Greek religion distinguishes between two types of deities: the Olympian, or sky, deities ( including Zeus ), which are now commonly known in some form or another ; and, the chthonic deities, or deities of the earth.

Jason, Perseus, Theseus, and above all Heracles, are all " liminal " figures, poised on the threshold between the old world of shamans, chthonic earth deities, and the new Bronze Age Greek ways.

The Palici ( Παλικοί in Greek ), or Palaci, were a pair of indigenous Sicilian chthonic deities in Roman mythology, and to a lesser extent in Greek mythology.

In Greek mythology, Campe or Kampê ( " crooked "; confer καμπή " a twist, a bend ") is the name of a chthonic female monster ( drakaina ).

In Greek mythology, Orthrus ( Orthros ) or Orthus ( Orthos ) () was a two-headed dog and a doublet (" brother ") of Cerberus, both whelped by the chthonic monsters Echidna and Typhon.

In Greek mythology, the Cabeiri, ( Cabiri, Kabeiroi, Kabiri or Greek: Κάβειροι ) were a group of enigmatic chthonic deities.

The Calydonian Boar is one of the chthonic monsters in Greek mythology, each set in a specific locale.

Several other chthonic Zeuses with similar titles are known from the Greek world, including Zeus Μειλίχιος Meilikhios (" honeyed " or " kindly " Zeus ), and Zeus Χθόνιος Chthonios (" Zeus beneath-the-earth ").

Saturn's chthonic nature connected him to the underworld and its ruler Dis Pater, the Roman equivalent of Greek Plouton ( Pluto in Latin ) who was also a god of hidden wealth.

For the form of libation called choē ( from IE * gheu -, Greek cheuma, χεῦμα, " that which is poured "), a larger vessel is tipped over and emptied onto the ground for the chthonic gods, who may also receive spondai.

In some Greek chthonic cults, the animal was sacrificed on a raised bomos (" altar ").

Not all chthonic cults were Greek, nor did all cults practice ritual sacrifice ; some performed sacrifices in effigy or burnt vegetable offerings.

Daemons scarcely figure in Greek mythology or Greek art: they are felt but their unseen presence can only be assumed, with the exception of the agathodaemon, honored first with a libation in ceremonial wine-drinking, especially at the sanctuary of Dionysus, and represented in iconography by the chthonic serpent.

From at least the Geometric period of the ninth century BC, the long-deceased heroes linked with founding myths of Greek sites were accorded chthonic rites in their heroon, or " hero-temple ".

The range of Greek sea gods of the classical era range from primordial powers and an Olympian on the one hand, to heroized mortals, chthonic nymphs, trickster-figures, and monsters on the other.