The current is circumpolar due to the lack of any landmass connecting with Antarctica and this keeps warm ocean waters away from Antarctica, enabling that continent to maintain its huge ice sheet.

After studying the circumpolar current it is clear that it strongly influences regional and global climate as well as underwater biodiversity.

The right ascension of any object crossing the meridian is equal to the current local ( apparent ) sidereal time, ignoring for present purposes that part of the circumpolar region north of the north celestial pole ( for an observer in the northern hemisphere ) or south of the south celestial pole ( for an observer in the southern hemisphere ) that is crossing the meridian the other way.

Following the emergence of the circumpolar current in the mid-Oligocene era ( some 15 MYA ), the Australian climate became increasingly arid, giving rise to a diverse group of arid-specialised organisms, just as the wet tropical and seasonally wet areas gave rise to their own uniquely adapted species.

Juno, enraged that her attempt at revenge had been frustrated, appealed to Oceanus that the two might never meet his waters, thus providing a poetic explanation for their circumpolar positions.

It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North-Atlantic and North Pacific.

The Spectacled Porpoise is believed to be circumpolar in cool sub-Antarctic and low Antarctic waters.

Hector's beaked whale has a circumpolar distribution in cool temperate Southern Hemisphere waters between approximately 35 ° and 55 ° S.

Cold circumpolar currents of the Southern Ocean reduce the flow of warm South Pacific or South Atlantic waters reaching McMurdo Sound and other Antarctic coastal waters.

Many of the flora and fauna have a broad circumpolar distribution in the South Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans.

The isolated modern remnants of the Hercynian Forest identify its flora as a mixed one ; Oscar Drude identified its Baltic elements associated with North Alpine flora, and North Atlantic species with circumpolar representatives.

Extending approximately 15, 500 kilometres ( 9, 600 mi ) from the Bering Sea in the Arctic to the northern extent of the circumpolar Southern Ocean at 60 ° S ( older definitions extend it to Antarctica's Ross Sea ), the Pacific reaches its greatest east-west width at about 5 ° N latitude, where it stretches approximately 19, 800 kilometres ( 12, 300 mi ) from Indonesia to the coast of Colombia – halfway across the world, and more than five times the diameter of the Moon.

This is because: there is no land bridge between Southern Hemisphere countries and the Antarctic zone capable of bringing in cold air without the temperature-mitigating effects of extensive tracts of water ; the vastly greater amount of ocean in the Southern Hemisphere at all latitudes ; at this time in Earth's geologic history the Earth has an orbit which brings it in closer to the Southern Hemisphere for its warmer seasons ; there is a circumpolar flow of air ( the roaring 40s and 50s ) uninterrupted by large land masses ; no equivalent jet streams ; and the peculiarities of the reversing ocean currents in the Pacific.

The University of Alaska Press is a nonprofit scholarly publisher and distributor of works concerning Alaska, the northern Pacific Rim, and the circumpolar regions.

There has been some movement to use Inuit, and the Inuit Circumpolar Council, representing a circumpolar population of 150, 000 Inuit and Yupik people of Greenland, Canada, Alaska, and Siberia, in its charter defines Inuit for use within the ICC as including " the Inupiat, Yupik ( Alaska ), Inuit, Inuvialuit ( Canada ), Kalaallit ( Greenland ) and Yupik ( Russia ).

Polaris is circumpolar and can be seen at all times of the year.

The northern boundary of the ACC is defined by the northern edge of the Subantarctic Front, this being the most northerly water to pass through Drake Passage and therefore be circumpolar.

This water mass flows along the shelfbreak of the western Antarctic Peninsula and thus marks the most southerly water flowing through Drake Passage and therefore circumpolar.

Based aboard the research icebreaker, CCGS Amundsen, the CFL project examined the “ flaw lead ” system, a circumpolar phenomenon created when the central Arctic ice pack moves away from coastal ice, leaving areas of open water.

The species lives in the Southern Hemisphere and is believed to be circumpolar, living in a band from about 30 ° S to 55 ° S in areas with surface water temperature between.

From the north pole, all constellations north of the celestial equator are circumpolar constellations.

The stars of Ursa Major were all circumpolar in Athens of 400 BCE, and all but the stars in the Great Bear's left foot were circumpolar in Ovid's Rome, in the first century CE.

In 1977, the Inuit Circumpolar Conference meeting in Barrow, Alaska, officially adopted Inuit as a designation for all circumpolar native peoples,

At the Earth's North Pole, the north celestial pole is directly overhead, and all stars that are visible at all ( that is, all stars in the northern celestial hemisphere ) are circumpolar.

At the Earth's equator this circle vanishes to a single point – the celestial pole itself – which lies on the horizon, and there are therefore effectively no circumpolar stars at all.

The south celestial pole appears increasingly high in the sky, and all the stars lying within an increasingly large circle centred on that pole become circumpolar about it.

This continues until one reaches the Earth's South Pole where, once again, all visible stars are circumpolar.

The north celestial pole is located very close to the Pole star ( Polaris or North Star ), so, from the northern hemisphere all circumpolar stars appear to rotate around Polaris.

If the observer's latitude is − 35 °, then all stars within 35 ° of the south celestial pole will be circumpolar.

Inuit and other circumpolar people utilized sinew as the only cordage for all domestic purposes due to the lack of other suitable fiber sources in their ecological habitats.

Ringed seals have a circumpolar distribution from approximately 35 ° N to the North Pole, occurring in all seas of the Arctic Ocean.

This category contains all fully-visible circumpolar constellations as viewed from the North Pole.

This category contains all fully-visible circumpolar constellations as viewed from the South Pole.

The star is circumpolar throughout all of Europe, northern Asia, Canada and American cities as far south as San Diego on the west coast but not quite as far as Miami on the east coast.

Nonetheless, its distribution is circumpolar, with individuals found in low densities-usually singly-in very thick pack ice in all regions of the continent.

The best time for your observation is during the late autumn months of the northern hemisphere, when Cassiopeia passes the meridian at midnight, but given its circumpolar nature in many northern localities, it is visible to many of the world's inhabitants throughout the year.

Not only did constellations like Draco, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia spin circles around the pole, but stars which were not circumpolar rose and set at the same place on the horizon each night.

The arctic fox has a circumpolar range, meaning that it is found throughout the entire Arctic, including the outer edges of Greenland, Russia, Canada, Alaska, and Svalbard, as well as in Subarctic and alpine areas, such as Iceland and mainland alpine Scandinavia.

The term circumpolar constellation is used for any constellation that, from a particular latitude on Earth, never sets below the horizon.

In the northern latitudes, the informal term equatorial constellation has sometimes used for constellations that lie to the south of the circumpolar constellations.

For locations south of 34 ° S, Crux is circumpolar and thus always visible in the night sky.

As seen from locations in the Earth's Northern Hemisphere, celestial objects with declinations greater than 90 ° − ( where = observer's latitude ) appear to circle daily around the celestial pole without dipping below the horizon, and are therefore called circumpolar stars.

An extreme example is the pole star which has a declination near to + 90 °, so is circumpolar as seen from anywhere in the Northern Hemisphere except very close to the equator.

Generally, if a star whose declination is is circumpolar for some observer ( where is either positive or negative ), then a star whose declination is − never rises above the horizon, as seen by the same observer.

Eskimos ( or Esquimaux ) or Inuit – Yupik ( for Alaska: Inupiat – Yupik ) peoples are indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia ( Russia ), across Alaska ( United States ), Canada, and Greenland.

Rasalhague, a fairly conspicuous star in its north, is circumpolar north of 78 ° north latitude and invisible south of 78 ° south latitude.

The constellation is circumpolar to the south celestial pole, so it can be seen in Southern Hemisphere skies during the evening in any month of the year.

Octans was created by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1732 out of faint circumpolar stars.

As the observer moves northward the pole rises and the circumpolar stars appear, now unblocked by the Earth.

The constellation of mikra arktos ( Ursa Minor, " little bear ") was entirely contained within the circumpolar region.

The celestial Arctic Circle was regarded as identical to the circumference of the circumpolar stars and therefore a variable.