The punishment for the offence then was in the nature of monetary penalty, recoverable in a civil action and, not by penal sanction.

According to the constitution, it is incumbent upon the King: to sanction and promulgate laws ; to summon and dissolve the Cortes Generales ( the Parliament ) and to call elections ; to call a referendum under the circumstances provided in the constitution ; to propose a candidate for prime minister, and to appoint or remove him from office, as well as other ministers ; to issue the decrees agreed upon by the Council of Ministers ; to confer civil and military positions, and to award honors and distinctions ; to be informed of the affairs of the State, presiding over the meetings of the Council of Ministers whenever opportune ; to exercise supreme command of the Spanish Armed Forces, to exercise the right to grant pardons, in accordance to the law ; and to exercise the High Patronage of the Royal Academies.

The first of these may be called jurisdiction under MILITARY LAW, and is found in acts of Congress prescribing rules and articles of war, or otherwise providing for the government of the national forces ; the second may be distinguished as MILITARY GOVERNMENT, superseding, as far as may be deemed expedient, the local law, and exercised by the military commander under the direction of the President, with the express or implied sanction of Congress ; while the third may be denominated MARTIAL LAW PROPER, and is called into action by Congress, or temporarily, when the action of Congress cannot be invited, and in the case of justifying or excusing peril, by the President, in times of insurrection or invasion, or of civil or foreign war, within districts or localities where ordinary law no longer adequately secures public safety and private rights.

Under common law, a dead person cannot bring a suit, and this created a loophole in which activities that resulted in a person's injury would result in civil sanction but activities that resulted in a person's death would not.

The Libertarian Party, for instance, believes that all marriages should be civil, not requiring sanction from the state.

From these results we see that Shaftesbury, opposed to Hobbes and Locke, is in close agreement with Hutcheson, and that he is ultimately a deeply religious thinker, inasmuch as he discards the moral sanction of public opinion, the terrors of future punishment, and the authority of the civil authority as the main incentives to goodness, and substitutes the voice of conscience and the love of God.

: A party is not liable for failure to perform the party's obligations if such failure is as a result of Acts of God ( including fire, flood, earthquake, storm, hurricane or other natural disaster ), war, invasion, act of foreign enemies, hostilities ( regardless of whether war is declared ), civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection, military or usurped power or confiscation, terrorist activities, nationalisation, government sanction, blockage, embargo, labor dispute, strike, lockout or interruption or failure of electricity or telephone service.

Did it give you the right of sanction, a civil list and so many prerogatives, constitutionally to lose the empire and the constitution?

On February 15, 1864, he reported from committee a bill placing the process of Reconstruction under the control of Congress, and stipulating that the Confederate states, as a condition of being re-admitted to the Union would disfranchise all important civil and military officers of the Confederacy, abolish slavery, and repudiate all debts incurred by or with the sanction of the Confederate government.

The most severe sanction in a civil lawsuit is the involuntary dismissal, with prejudice, of a complaining party's cause of action, or of the responding party's answer.

The Court, in an opinion by Justice Blackmun, held that a contempt sanction is civil if it is remedial and for the benefit of the complainant — if it either coerces the defendant into compliance with the court ’ s order or compensates the complainant for losses sustained.

They share three characteristics, which in the aggregate are not present in any civil sanction.

Title iv, Of Ecclesiastical Property .- The decrees of the first seven councils of Baltimore concerning the abuses of lay trustees and of the best method of securing church property by civil sanction are repeated and re-enacted.

Tolerance and compromise, social justice and civil liberty, are today too often in short supply for one to be overly critical of Trevelyan's emphasis on their central place in the English tradition.

'' My impassioned plea for civil rights created a landslide of correspondence and one sponsor even asked me to consider replacing the Eddie Cantor comedy hour on a permanent basis.

Even though in civil rights legislation in 1957 and 1960 the provision for the Attorney General to act was eliminated, should we nevertheless support such a clause??

Noting that President Kennedy has handed the Defense Department the major responsibility for the nation's civil defense program, Mr. Hawksley said the federal government would pay half the salary of a full-time local director.

One advantage that would come to the city in having a full-time director, he said, is that East Providence would become eligible to apply to the federal government for financial aid in purchasing equipment needed for a sound civil defense program.

The Portland school board was asked Monday to take a positive stand towards developing and coordinating with Portland's civil defense more plans for the city's schools in event of attack.

He asserted that the Krogers were the bankers for Moscow, Lonsdale the Red paymaster, and the two civil servants the recipients for selling their country's secrets.

It is the basis for Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface, and for Terrestrial Time, which is used for astronomical calculations.

Other Algerian singers of the diaspora include Manel Filali in Germany and Kenza Farah in France. Cheb Hasni an emblematic figure for the Algerian youth, killed by Algerian civil war | terrorists in 1993

* 1999 – US President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving " intentionally false statements " in a sexual harassment civil lawsuit.

It is thus much better equipped for fulfilling its civil roles as opposed to providing a deterrence against would-be aggressors or in defending the nation during a war.

The United States Congress, in the Ratification Act of 1929, provided that until the Congress shall provide for the Government of the islands of American Samoa all civil, judicial, and military powers shall be vested in such person or persons and exercised in such manner as the President of the United States shall direct.

In, the President of the United States directed that the Secretary of the Interior should take care for the administration of civil government in American Samoa.

He practiced as a surveyor and civil engineer for two years before entering the United States Military Academy in 1838.

Despite continuous wars or imperial expansion on the Empire's frontiers and one year-long civil war over the imperial succession, the Mediterranean world remained at peace for more than two centuries.

The " original intent " of the law, as co-conceived by Lex Frieden and Mitchell J. Rappaport, was to create civil rights law protections for people with disabilities that would be permanent, would not be able to be reversed or weakened, and would prohibit all discrimination.

It was also intended so that Americans with disabilities would be kept in the mainstream in terms of scientific and medical research and developments, especially opening future opportunities in Space exploration to them, as well as public policy changes, healthcare law and policy changes, and civil rights protections and public law changes for Americans with physical, mental and cognitive disabilities.

He succeeded his cousin Elagabalus upon the latter's assassination in 222, and was ultimately assassinated himself, marking the epoch event for the Crisis of the Third Century — nearly fifty years of civil wars, foreign invasion, and collapse of the monetary economy.

These proclamations embodied Johnson's conciliatory policies towards the South, as well as his rush to reincorporate the former Confederate states into the union without due regard for freedmen's rights ; these positions and his vetoes of civil rights bills embroiled him in a bitter dispute with Radical Republicans who demanded harsher measures.

Judges in common law systems usually have more extensive power to declare someone in contempt than judges in civil law systems.

In most cases, constructive contempt is considered to be in the realm of civil contempt because of its passive nature.

Indirect contempt is something that is associated with civil and constructive contempt and involves a failure to follow court orders.

Under Section 2 ( b ) of the Contempt of Courts Act of 1971, civil contempt has been defined as wilful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or other process of a court or wilful breach of an undertaking given to a court.

In civil proceedings there are two main ways in which contempt is committed:

However, some cases of civil contempt have been perceived as intending to harm the reputation of the plaintiff, or to a lesser degree, the judge or the court.

Sanctions for contempt may be criminal or civil.

The burden of proof for civil contempt, however, is a preponderance of the evidence, and theoretically punitive sanctions ( punishment ) can only be imposed after due process but the due process is unpublished.

In civil contempt cases there is no principle of proportionality.

* civil contempt

Frederick Douglass, a prominent 19th-century American civil rights activist, criticized that Lincoln was " showing all his inconsistencies, his pride of race and blood, his contempt for Negroes and his canting hypocrisy.

* The Domestic Relations Court oversees all divorces, dissolutions of marriage, civil domestic protective orders, post-divorce decree motions, modifications of parental rights and responsibilities, modifications of child support and visitation arrangements, and contempt actions.

Breach of a court order can be civil contempt of court, and a warrant for the person's arrest may be issued.

In November 2006, because he refused to testify before a federal grand jury after the court held that he had no legal basis for his refusal, he was held in civil contempt and imprisoned for his contempt of court by a Virginia district court judge.

He served 13 months in prison for his civil contempt, until the court lifted its contempt order in December 2007.

He was imprisoned for 13 months for civil contempt for failing to testify in compliance with the first subpoena.

; Virginia District Court, civil contempt, and Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals

The court held him in civil contempt, and imprisoned him on November 16, 2006, for contempt of court, with the days served for civil contempt not counting towards the days of imprisonment he had remaining on his guilty conspiracy plea.