This was clearly unacceptable for speech traffic, which needs to have low jitter in the data stream being fed into the codec if it is to produce good-quality sound.

In the mid 20th century, a " codec " was hardware that coded analog signals into Pulse-code modulation ( PCM ) and decoded them back.

The original version of the RealVideo codec was based on H. 263 up until the release of RealVideo 8.

Since the original ratification of H. 263 in March 1996 ( approving a document that was produced in November 1995 ), there have been two subsequent additions which improved on the original codec by additional optional annexes ( extensions ).

In 2008, G. 711. 1 codec, which has a scalable structure, was standardized by ITU-T.

This transition away from the ATRAC codec was to allow the Walkman line to be adopted by more potential customers and their specific and unique preferences on online music services.

The original WMA codec, known simply as WMA, was conceived as a competitor to the popular MP3 and RealAudio codecs.

The first WMA codec was based on earlier work by Henrique Malvar and his team which was transferred to the Windows Media team at Microsoft.

In November of the following year, Video for Windows was introduced with the ability to play digital video files in an AVI container format, with codec support for RLE and Video1, and support for playing uncompressed files.

While Windows Media Player 9 had added support for some files that use the WMV9 codec ( also known as the WMV3 codec by the FourCC ), in other aspects it was seen as having degraded in features from previous versions.

* Sorenson Spark: A codec and compression format that was licensed to Macromedia for use in its Flash Video starting with Flash Player 6.

Since Speex was designed for Voice over IP ( VoIP ) instead of cell phone use, the codec must be robust to lost packets, but not to corrupted ones.

The video quality of the Avid / 1 ( and later Media Composer systems from the late 1980s ) was somewhat low ( about VHS quality ), due to the use of a very early version of a Motion JPEG ( M-JPEG ) codec.

Support for the codec was mandatory for HD DVD and is optional for Blu-ray Disc hardware.

This was a significant development as Microsoft had been lobbying to have their codec used with the next DVD standard.

MPEG-1 Audio Layer 2 encoding was derived from the MUSICAM ( Masking pattern adapted Universal Subband Integrated Coding And Multiplexing ) audio codec, developed by Centre commun d ' études de télévision et télécommunications ( CCETT ), Philips, and Institut für Rundfunktechnik ( IRT ) in 1989 as part of the EUREKA 147 pan-European inter-governmental research and development initiative for the development of a system for the broadcasting of audio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers ( established in 1987 ).

Their latest developments included the Nullsoft Streaming Video ( NSV ) format, which was intended to stream media that uses any audio or video codec.

OpenDivX was an open-source MPEG-4 video codec based on a stripped down version of the MoMuSys reference MPEG-4 encoder.

The first version of the codec, WMV 7, was introduced in 1999, and was built upon Microsoft's implementation of MPEG-4 Part 2.

Continued proprietary development led to newer versions of the codec, but the bit stream syntax was not frozen until WMV 9.

The first version of the codec was WMV 7 Screen, The second and current version, WMV 9 Screen, supports VBR encoding in addition to CBR.

Vox format files are similar to wave files except that the vox files contain no information about the file itself so the codec sample rate and number of channels must first be specified in order to play a vox file.

Because of the design of analog video signals, which represent luma and color information separately, a common first step in image compression in codec design is to represent and store the image in a YCbCr color space.

The Sorenson Video codec first appeared with the release of QuickTime 3 on March 30, 1998.

The company's founder, William J. Tobin also secured a patent for a codec for full-motion videoconferencing, first demonstrated at AT & T Bell Labs in 1986.

It is the first member of the H. 26x family of video coding standards in the domain of the ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group ( VCEG ), and was the first video codec that was useful in practical terms.

* In March 2008, DivX, Inc. announced that Moscow State University ranked MainConcept's H. 264 codec first for the second straight year in its annual H. 264-codec comparison.

The first generation DAB uses the MPEG-1 Audio Layer II ( MP2 ) audio codec which has less efficient compression than newer codecs.

When it was introduced by Red the codec was the first to allow high bit depth Bayer sensor video data to be recorded to CompactFlash, mechanical hard disk or SSD media instead of a big external storage system.

An advanced codec pack can be purchased allowing users to use MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and DiVX codecs, all of which are available freely for the first 15 days after installation.

While its original version was related to Intel's DVI video stream format, a hardware-only codec for the compression of television-quality video onto compact discs, Indeo was distinguished by being one of the first codecs allowing full-speed video playback without using hardware acceleration.

The first part of a standards document usually defines the format properties for the material, like codec, bitrate, resolution, filetype and filesize.

* dct – A variable codec format designed for dictation.

Not all audio codecs can be used for streaming applications, and for such applications a codec designed to stream data effectively will usually be chosen.

Speex is a patent-free audio compression format designed for speech and also a free software speech codec that may be used on VoIP applications and podcasts.

It focuses on the Ogg family of formats, the most successful of which has been Vorbis, an open and freely licensed audio format and codec designed to compete with the patented MP3 and AAC.

Current development work is focusing on Theora, an open and patent-free video format and codec designed to compete with the patented MPEG-4, RealVideo, and Windows Media Video.

These include Speex, an audio codec designed for speech, and FLAC, a lossless audio codec.

Pixlet is a video codec created by Apple and based on wavelets, designed to enable viewing of full resolution, HD movies in real time at low DV data rates.

It is designed to be an editing codec.

However, Jasper remains one of the slowest implementations of the jpeg2000 codec, as it was designed for reference, not performance.

On2 Technologies (), formerly known as The Duck Corporation, was a small publicly traded company ( on the American Stock Exchange ), headquartered in Clifton Park, New York, that designed video codec technology.

Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband ( VMR-WB ) is a source-controlled variable-rate multimode codec designed for robust encoding / decoding of wideband / narrowband speech.

In addition to the standard 5. 1-channel DTS Surround codec, the company has several other technologies in its product range designed to compete with similar systems from Dolby Labs.