The current consensus is that chordates are monophyletic, meaning that the Chordata include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor which is itself a chordate, and that craniates ' nearest relatives are cephalochordates.

Justice Holmes cautioned that “ the proper derivation of general principals in both common and constitutional law ... arise gradually, in the emergence of a consensus from a multitude of particularized prior decisions .” Justice Cardozo noted the “ common law does not work from pre-established truths of universal and inflexible validity to conclusions derived from them deductively ,” but “ ts method is inductive, and it draws its generalizations from particulars .”

While there is currently no consensus on how to categorize effects, the following are seven common classifications: distortion, dynamics, filter, modulation, pitch / frequency, time-based and feedback / sustain.

Local groups increasingly find that they benefit from collaboration, e. g. on consensus decision making methods, or making simultaneous policy, or relying on common legal resources, or even sometimes a common glossary.

However, scientific consensus is that there are at least two subspecies of the common carp, one from Western Eurasia ( Cyprinus carpio carpio ) and another from East Asia ( Cyprinus carpio haematopterus ).

The term " dinosaur " is properly restricted to only those reptiles descended from the last common ancestor of the groups Saurischia and Ornithischia ( clade Dinosauria, which includes birds ), and current scientific consensus is that this group excludes the pterosaurs, as well as the various groups of extinct marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs.

Opponents also state categorizing patients based on factors such as social value to the community or age will not work in a heterogeneous society without a common ethical consensus such as the U. S. Doug Bandow of the CATO Institute wrote government decision making would " override the differences in preferences and circumstances " for individuals and that it is a matter of personal liberty to be able to buy as much or as little care as one wants.

Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both the political community and society as a whole.

" flower pepper ") in a strict sense refers to the Northern China peppercorn, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, or at least that appears to be the common consensus in current scholarly literature.

The Communists and the Pan-Blue Coalition parties emphasized their common ground in renewed negotiations under the alleged 1992 consensus, opening the three links, and opposing Taiwan independence.

Sahelanthropus may represent a common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees ; no consensus has been reached yet by the scientific community.

" The common critical consensus of HCE's fixed character is summarised by Bishop as being " an older Protestant male, of Scandinavian lineage, connected with the pubkeeping business somewhere in the neighbourhood of Chapelizod, who has a wife, a daughter, and two sons.

When this is done – and it will take the efforts of many keen intellects steeped in the law of at least a dozen lands and also aware of the social nexus of the law – then mankind will be able to see clearly for the first time and clearly where the common consensus of the great living social and law systems lies.

In his inaugural address, he said: That the nation has found a consensus for its highest office in some one who has sprung from the grass-roots of our society and grown up in the dust and heat of this sacred land is symbolic of the fact that the concerns of the common man have now moved to the centre stage of our social and political life.

There is general agreement upon the colors for more common practices, particularly those with an intuitive relation between the color and the practice, such as yellow for urolagnia ; brown for coprophilia ; and black for SM, but no absolute consensus for less common practices.

Some common guidelines for the use of consensus blocking include:

Many of the leading lichenologists at the time, such as James Crombie and Nylander, rejected Schwendener's hypothesis because the common consensus was that all living organisms were autonomous.

* Different political views: there is lack of common consensus among political parties on land reform debate.

* Different political views: there is lack of common consensus among political parties on land reform debate.

However, theories supported by the scientific consensus have the highest level of certainty of any scientific knowledge ; for example, that all objects are subject to gravity or that life on Earth evolved from a common ancestor.

For pluralism to function and to be successful in defining the common good, all groups have to agree to a minimal consensus regarding shared values, which tie the different groups to society, and shared rules for conflict resolution between the groups:

The idea of national responsibility thus has become a common feature of the nations of the non-Soviet world.

The Charles Men has a tremendous range of characters, of common folk even more than of major figures.

Now this concern for the freedom of other peoples is the intellectual and spiritual cement which has allied us with more than forty other nations in a common defense effort.

`` History has this in common with every other science: that the historian is not allowed to claim any single piece of knowledge, except where he can justify his claim by exhibiting to himself in the first place, and secondly to any one else who is both able and willing to follow his demonstration, the grounds upon which it is based.

History has demonstrated many times that concerts of nations based solely on the negative spur of common danger are unlikely to survive when the external danger ceases to be dramatically urgent.

The New York Central has pointed out that this control, if approved by the Interstate Commerce Commission, would give the combined C. & O. - B. & O. Railroad a total of 185 points served in common with the New York Central.

By dealing with common landscape in an uncommon way, Roy Mason has found a particular niche in American landscape art.

only seldom is it so simple as to be a matter of his obviously parroting some timeworn axiom, common to our culture, which he has evidently heard, over and over, from a parent until he experiences it as part of him.

This carryover right has a number of things in common with a net operating loss carryover.

We come upon a rabbit that has been caught in one of the brutal traps in common use.

It is no common thing for a listener ( critical or otherwise ) to hear a singer `` live '' for the first time only after he has died.

But then, Mario Lanza was no common singer, and his whole career, public and non-public, was studded with the kind of unconventional happenings that terminate with the appearance of his first `` recital '' only when he has ceased to be a living voice.

A common criticism has been that many social science scholars ( such as economists, sociologists, and psychologists ) in Western countries focus disproportionately on Western subjects, while anthropology focuses disproportionately on the " other "; this has changed over the last part of the twentieth century as anthropologists increasingly, also study Western subjects, particularly variation across class, region, or ethnicity within Western societies, and other social scientists increasingly take a global view of their fields.

The analysis of variance has been studied from several approaches, the most common of which uses a linear model that relates the response to the treatments and blocks.

In the common law, an answer is the first pleading by a defendant, usually filed and served upon the plaintiff within a certain strict time limit after a civil complaint or criminal information or indictment has been served upon the defendant.

In Western countries, a bead frame similar to the Russian abacus but with straight wires and a vertical frame has been common ( see image ).

While most everyone has an experience with anxiety at some point in their lives, as it is a common reaction to real or perceived threats of all kinds, most do not develop long-term problems with anxiety.

Although panic attacks are not experienced by every person who has anxiety, they are a common symptom.

The family has a worldwide distribution, and is most common in the arid and semi-arid regions of subtropical and lower temperate latitudes.

The most common criticism of HH Price's afterlife hypothesis has come from the religious community as his suggestions are not consistent with traditional Christian teaching, nor the teachings of any other monotheistic religion.

Agrarianism has two common meanings.

However, the availability of commercially farmed abalone has allowed more common consumption of this once rare delicacy.

A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George ( patron saint of Catalonia, Gaudi's home ), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon.

Because of the mountain slopes, terracing has been a common practice.