The fourth phase was the " general application " of Massoud's principles to the whole country, and the final demise of the Afghan communist government.

The government claimed that this was a communist document, and consequently leaders of the ANC and Congress were arrested.

Finally, on 10 November 1989, at the November plenum of BCP Todor Zhivkov was dismissed as a long-time party leader and head of state and the communist regime gave way to democratic elections and government.

As the Red Army invaded Bulgaria in 1944 and installed a communist government, the armed forces were rapidly forced to reorganise following the Soviet model, and were renamed as the Bulgarian People's Army ( Bulgarska Narodna Armiya, BNA ).

Karmal was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Council, synonymous with vice head of state, in the communist government.

Back in Afghanistan he helped topple the Najibullah government, and he became an associate of Abdul Rashid Dostum, one of the men who brought down the communist government.

During the final year of communist Hungary in the late 1980s, the Hungarian government, along with his two sons, Béla III and Péter, requested that his remains be exhumed and transferred back to Budapest for burial, where Hungary arranged a state funeral for him on July 7, 1988.

After a communist uprising took control over Bavaria in the years following World War I, the state government fled to Bamberg and stayed there for almost two years before the Bavarian capital of Munich was retaken by Freikorps units ( see Bavarian Soviet Republic ).

This helped the company survive after the communist government confiscated without compensation all Bacardi assets in the country.

In Hungary, when the Soviets installed a communist government, Mátyás Rákosi was appointed General Secretary of the Hungarian Communist Party, which began one of the harshest dictatorships in Europe under the People's Republic of Hungary.

Korea had been divided at the end of World War II along the 38th parallel into Soviet and U. S. occupation zones, in which a communist government was installed in the North by the Soviets, and an elected government in the South came to power after UN-supervised elections in 1948.

With the climate of change throughout Eastern Europe during the 1980s, the communist hegemony was challenged ( at the same time, the Milošević government began to gradually concentrate Yugoslav power in Serbia and calls for free multi-party elections were becoming louder.

From its founding, the Cheka was an important military and security arm of the Bolshevik communist government.

However, within a month, the Cheka had extended its repression to all political opponents of the communist government, including anarchists and others on the left.

After the Black Army had served its purpose in aiding the Red Army to stop the Whites under Denikin, the Soviet communist government decided to eliminate the anarchist forces.

During the McCarthy Era in 1947, when US Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin claimed that the federal government and other institutions were riddled with Communists, the US House began hearings about purported communist influence in Hollywood.

Following the Marxist coup of April 1978, the government under Nur Muhammad Taraki developed significantly closer ties with the Soviet Union and its communist satellites.

Following the October 2001 American invasion and the Bonn Agreement the new government under the leadership of Hamid Karzai started to re-establish diplomatic relationships with many countries who had held close diplomatic relations before the communist coup d ' état and the subsequent civil war.

His Marxist-Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, Nicaragua, and other communist bloc countries.

In 1954 a military government replaced Arbenz ' government and disbanded the legislature and they arrested communist leaders, Castillo Armas became president.

In 1989 a non-violent revolution called for the end of the East German communist government.

The revolution toppled the communist government and the country soon reunited with West Germany, bringing to an end forty-odd years of division and reunifying the nation into a single Germany.

In the December 1945 Albanian election, the only effective ballot choices were those of the communist Democratic Front ( Albania ), led by Enver Hoxha.

Since then, consistent liberalization and astute economic management has led to the removal of 95 % of all price controls, low unemployment, a positive balance of payments position, a stable exchange rate, a shift of exports from former communist economic bloc markets to Western Europe, and relatively low foreign debt.

* In Turkmenistan, the local party apparatus led by Saparmurat Niyazov was renamed the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan and abandoned communist ideology.

The communist parties played an influential role in staging the massive protests for the Bengali Language Movement which led the destruction of Pakistan Muslim League | PML in East Pakistan, 1950s.

War and poverty triggered the Russian Revolution which led to the formation of the communist Soviet Union.

For example, the left-wing Builders Labourers Federation in Australia, led by the communist Jack Mundy, united with environmentalists to place Green Bans on environmentally destructive development projects.

Marxism – Leninism supports the creation of a single-party state led by a Marxist-Leninist communist party as a means to develop socialism and then communism.

In Yugoslavia, the communist Yugoslav Partisans led by Josip Broz Tito, held up an effective guerrilla resistance movement to the Axis occupiers.

The United States and other Western powers used the war to prop up South Korea against Soviet and PRC-backed communist North Korea led by Kim Il-Sung.

In Cuba in 1959, forces led by Fidel Castro and Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista and established a communist regime there with ties to the Soviet Union.

French colonial forces had failed to hold back independence forces led by the communist leader Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam.

A new front of Marxist-Leninist revolution erupted in Africa, with revolutions in Benin, Congo-Brazzaville, and Somalia ; Marxist-Leninist liberation fronts in Angola and Mozambique revolting against Portguese colonial rule ; the overthrow of Haile Selassie and the creation of the Derg communist military junta in Ethiopia ; blacks led by Robert Mugabe in Rhodesia revolting against white-minority rule there.

Soviet occupation following World War II led to the formation of a communist People's Republic in 1947, and the abdication of King Michael, who went into exile.

Socialisme ou Barbarie, led by philosopher Cornelius Castoriadis, was a radical Marxist and libertarian socialist group based in France that significantly developed the council communist tradition as well as laying the foundation for autonomism.

In communist Russia, the ideology of Slavic racial purity led to the complete denial that Scandinavians had played a part in the emergence of the principalities of the Rus ', which was supposed to have been founded by Slavs.

Western attempts to reunite the Partisans, who denied the supremacy of the old government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and the émigrés loyal to the king led to the Tito-Šubašić Agreement in June 1944 ; however, Marshal Josip Broz Tito was seen as a national hero by the citizens and was elected by referendum to lead the new independent communist state, starting as a prime minister.

* In Cambodia the communist leader Pol Pot led a revolution against the American-backed government of Lon Nol.

* 1974-Military coup in Ethiopia led to the overthrown of Haile Selassie by the communist junta led by General Aman Andom and Mengistu Haile Mariam, ending one of the world's longest lasting monarchies in history.

While originally a civil war, it quickly escalated into a war between the western powers under the United Nations Command led by the United States and its allies and the communist powers of the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union.

* In 1950-1953 France tried to contain a growing communist insurgency led by Ho Chi Minh.

** The Indonesian army, led by General Suharto, crushes an alleged communist coup attempt ( see Transition to the New Order and 30 September Movement ).

* November 15 – In Braşov, Romania, workers rebel against the communist regime led by Nicolae Ceaușescu.

Erich Honecker (; 25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994 ) was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1971 until 1989, serving as Head of State as well after Willi Stoph's relinquishment of that post in 1976.