The section is violated whether or not actual restraints or monopolies, or the substantial lessening of competition, have occurred or are intended.

The intended purpose of the charter was to eliminate competition, particularly Spanish or Portuguese, between the various trading posts established by the merchants.

While he certainly intended the Games to be a forum for competition between amateur athletes, his conception of amateurism was complex.

The hero, Nick Haflinger, is a runaway from Tarnover, a government program intended to find, educate and indoctrinate highly gifted children to further the interests of the state in a future where quantitative analysis backed by the tacit threat of coercion has replaced overt military and economic power as the deciding factor in international competition.

It was intended to spur innovation and provide competition to the nuclear weapon design laboratory at Los Alamos, New Mexico, home of the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic weapons.

Until 1952 all DBs had been intended for competition purposes only.

To determine whether a particular state statute that restrains competition was intended to be preempted by the Act, courts will engage in a two-step analysis, as set forth by the Supreme Court in Rice v. Norman Williams Co ..

Around that time as Disney Channel's intended target audience became preschoolers, pre-teens and young adolescents, the channel began to quickly gain in popularity, even outside its main target audience, created increased competition with Viacom-owned Nickelodeon and made teen idols out of some of its stars.

Antitrust laws are intended to encourage competition in the marketplace.

Wisner was home to world's first international plow race in 1946, a light-hearted competition intended to engender a spirit of peace in the wake of World War II.

Imacon was one such back manufacturer ; by merging with Hasselblad, it became evident that Hasselblad intended to cut other back manufacturers out of access to their new product line, enabling them to seamlessly transition to fully integrated all-digital cameras while the competition was still producing cameras in which the film-based controls and digital capture were not fully combined, and also to retain the profits on the backs, which sell for tens of thousands of dollars.

The regulatory framework created by the 1996 Act was intended to foster “ intramodal ” competition within distinct markets, i. e. among companies that used the same underlying technology to provide service.

* Economic regulations intended to protect against monopoly power may not be fully taking into account intermodal competition.

It was intended as independent competition to the Avalon Hill house magazine The General.

The latter was intended to revise the first act and specifically to foster competition in the telecommunications industry.

For example, in the Republic of Ireland Grade 4 " B " is known as Grade 5, in North America, many regional associations have implemented Grade Five, an entry-level Grade, intended to help bands familiarize themselves with competition and in Australia and New Zealand there is no Novice grade at all.

Using its inventory of easy-to-service Ford mechanicals built up during World War II and bodywork of Allard's own design, three post-war models were introduced: the J, a competition sports car ; the K, a slightly larger car intended for road use, and the four seater L. Sales were fairly brisk for a low-volume car, and demand was high for cars in general, which led to the introduction of several larger models, the M and N.

On his return his invested part of the fortune he had made in overlooking Cold Spring Harbor on the North Shore of Long Island, where in 1852-55, in competition with P. T. Barnum's palace " Iranistan " in Bridgeport, Connecticut, he proceeded to design and have built a baronial residence from its eastern shore, which, it was given out, was intended to resemble Windsor Castle ; he named the place Glenada, the glen of his daughter Ada, but the locals called it " Banvard's Folly ".

M1 ammunition, intended primarily for long-range machine gun use, soon became known by Army rifle competition teams and expert riflemen for its considerably greater accuracy over that of the M1906 round ; the new M1 ammunition was issued to infantrymen with the Springfield rifle as well as to machine gun teams.

However due to a variety of problems, such as rising costs and rival competition, the scheme was never finished as intended.

According to critics of Ivorité, it was divisive, xenophobic, and intended to eliminate political competition from Ouattara — who was claimed to be the son of Burkinabé parents — but Bédié rejected this criticism.

* The General Assembly shall not have the power to authorize any contract or agreement which may have the effect of or which is intended to have the effect of defeating or lessening competition, or encouraging a monopoly, which are hereby declared to be unlawful and void.

Beginning in 2002, Medicare began hosting an online comparison site intended to foster quality improving competition between nursing homes.

Foraging groups, however, tend to consist of two to six individuals which branch out from the main group, which is probably intended to reduce food competition between individuals.

We further recognize that the number of bad films is so enormous and the competition for the very worst is so intense, that all decisions reached here are subject to considerable second-guessing.

While the United States became a signatory to the convention in 1989, it still does not completely recognize moral rights as part of copyright law, but rather as part of other bodies of law, such as defamation or unfair competition.

The ROV competition is organized by MATE and the Marine Technology Society's ROV Committee and funded by organizations such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ), and Oceaneering, and many other organizations that recognize the value of highly trained students with technology skills such as ROV designing, engineering, and piloting.

Both staffs recognize the other publication as legitimate and have wished each other luck in their friendly competition.

The term " Academic All-America " is a registered trademark of the College Sports Information Directors of America, which began the program in 1952 to recognize college athletes at all levels of competition and in all collegiate sports.

He saw that federal and state regulation would recognize electric utilities as natural monopolies, allowing them to grow with little competition and to sell electricity to broader segments of the market.

The ranking of the sports competition is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee, although the committee does not officially recognize global ranking per country.

In 2004, PACE expanded its recognition program to include a " Young Ambassador " Award to recognize individuals from high school or college quizbowl programs ( or alumni ) for " valuable and significant contributions to the high school academic competition community ".

The purpose of Brain Bowl competition is to recognize outstanding student academic achievement, to help focus community interest on academic excellence in Florida community colleges, and to help foster relations among faculty and students as they work together on this joint project.

CONMEBOL did not recognize this competition.

Some sources recognize two types of Haflinger, a shorter, heavier type used for draft work and a taller, lighter type used for pleasure riding, light driving and under-saddle competition.

In 2010, international rail travel was liberalised by new European Union directives, designed to break up monopolies in order to encourage competition for services between countries.

The aim of this policy is to encourage competition and decrease tolls.

The export-orientated approach has encouraged liberalisation supported by strong state involvement as a facilitator ( of the enabling environment for the private sector ); as operator ( to encourage competition ); and as regulator ( to protect the economy as well as vulnerable groups and sectors from shocks ).

Ideas that encourage longevity in their hosts, or leave their hosts particularly resistant to abandoning or replacing these ideas, enhance the preservability of memes and afford protection from the competition or proselytism of other memes.

Others believe that the rules under which competition takes place have diminished the combat effectiveness of martial arts or encourage a kind of practice which focuses on winning trophies rather than a focus such as cultivating a particular moral character.

Along with the Liverpool Athletic Club, who began holding their own Olympic Festival in the 1860s, Brookes created a National Olympian Association which aimed to encourage such local competition in cities across Britain.

By the mid twentieth century the Crossbow Corps had become largely defunct, save for parading on state holidays ; but in 1956 the practice of training its members in crossbow shooting was revived, and a ' Crossbow Federation ' was formed to encourage competition in this art, so that the unit ( although still entirely ceremonial in nature ) now again has a very active existence.

Disillusionment with railroad performance led to a new emphasis on roads in a readjustment of the Five-Year Plan in 1973 — the so-called Interim Action Program — and a decision to encourage competition between rail and road transport as the best way to improve services.

The national electricity law is designed to provide a legal framework and to encourage competition and new investment in the sector.

The law aimed to increase efficiency in the sector, promote competition and encourage investment.

This competition has the overall aim of raising awareness amongst high school students of the craft of programming and to encourage students to develop and apply their computing knowledge and skills.

But we know that each time we come together — for example to address high-energy physics, research into nuclear fusion, the development of an integrated space programme or the construction of crucial scientific equipment — our successes encourage us in the idea that we can work together in R & D areas close to industrial markets, despite the problems arising from the normal and legitimate competition between firms.

Finally, most businesses also encourage competition between individual employees.

Established as a monopoly government-owned corporation in 1953, was privatized in 1985 to encourage competition in the telecom market.

Nevertheless, the fundamental principle of GSM and its successors, currently 3GPP, is open interfaces which encourage competition among multiple vendors.

The National Electric Drag Racing Association ( NEDRA ), a Special Chapter of the Electric Auto Association, and exists to increase public awareness of electric vehicle ( EV ) performance and to encourage through competition, advances in electric vehicle technology.

To encourage this aspect of the town an annual " Balcon Fleuri " ( flowered balcony ) competition is held.

Bob generally does not pay attention to Helga unless she is involved in a competition, but only to serve his own competitiveness or to encourage Helga to become a carbon copy of Olga.

Females select their mate and will often encourage competition between males before choosing a partner.

Some competition production companies encourage celebrations like this, while others prefer dancers to take a more introspective approach to the competition results. A dance routine may receive an individual award based on its final score, or based on its ranking in a particular category, depending on the competition.

The goal of each team is to encourage good sportsmanship, teamwork, loyalty and friendly competition.