Two years after the wolf reintroductions, the population of coyotes had been reduced 50 % through both competitive exclusion and intraguild predation compared to before their reintroduction.

According to Gause ’ s " competitive exclusion principle " no two species with identical ecological requirements can coexist in a stable environment.

Birds were also widely used in studies of the niche hypothesis and Georgii Gause's competitive exclusion principle.

With relatively abundant prey, tigers and leopards seem to successfully coexist without competitive exclusion or inter-species dominance hierarchies that may be more common to the leopard's co-existence with the lion in savanna habitats.

The competitive exclusion principle states that if two species ' ecological niches overlap, there is a very high likelihood of competition as both species are in direct competition for the same resources.

According to the competitive exclusion principle, species less suited to compete for resources should either adapt or die out.

* competitive exclusion principle-states that two species can not both exist if they are competing for exactly the same resource.

Areas with a high abundance of grey reef sharks tend to contain few sandbar sharks ( C. plumbeus ), and vice versa ; this may be due to their similar diets causing competitive exclusion.

Fitness of male groupers in environments where competitive exclusion of smaller males is not possible is correlated with sperm production and thus teste size.

In any case, expansion of the Marmotini to Africa was probably prevented by competitive exclusion by their close relatives the Protoxerini and Xerini — the native terrestrial and palm squirrels of that continent — which must have evolved at the same time as the Marmotini did.

In ecology, the competitive exclusion principle, sometimes referred to as Gause's law of competitive exclusion or just Gause's law, is a proposition which states that two species competing for the same resources cannot coexist if other ecological factors are constant.

Based on field observations, Joseph Grinnell formulated the principle of competitive exclusion in 1904: " Two species of approximately the same food habits are not likely to remain long evenly balanced in numbers in the same region.

Russian ecologist Georgy Gause formulated the law of competitive exclusion based on laboratory competition experiments using two species of Paramecium, P. aurelia and P. caudatum. The conditions were to add fresh water everyday and input a constant flow of food.

However, for poorly understood reasons, competitive exclusion is rarely observed in natural ecosystems, and many biological communities appear to violate Gause's Law.

According to the competitive exclusion principle, only a small number of plankton species should be able to coexist on these resources.

Some communities that uphold competitive exclusion are MacArthur's warblers and Darwin's finches.

Recent studies addressing some of the assumptions made for the models predicting competitive exclusion have shown these assumptions need to be reconsidered.

# REDIRECT competitive exclusion principle

Wolves appear capable of escaping competitive exclusion from tigers only when human pressure decreases tiger numbers.

This competitive exclusion of wolves by tigers has been used by Russian conservationists to convince hunters in the Far East to tolerate the big cats, as they limit ungulate populations less than wolves, and are effective in controlling wolf numbers.

Georgii Frantsevich Gause (; December 27, 1910 – May 4, 1986 ), was a Russian biologist who proposed the competitive exclusion principle, fundamental to the science of ecology.

The FIH introduced competitive tournaments in 1974, forcing the acceptance of the principle of competitive field hockey by the IFWHA in 1973.

Furthermore, the ' diversity ' of claims made by various disciplines begins to lack any unifying principle or intuition as objects of study become more and more specialized due to the emphasis on specificity, precision and uniformity of reference that competitive, database-oriented research implies.

The theoretical foundation of post-Keynesian economics is the principle of effective demand, that demand matters in the long as well as the short run, so that a competitive market economy has no natural or automatic tendency towards full employment.

Rapid urine drug screens using immunoassays based on the principle of competitive binding may show false-positive methadone results for patients who have ingested Diphenhydramine.

The HEARTH Act of 2009 consolidated HUD's competitive grant programs, created a Rural Housing Stability Program, changed HUD's definition of homelessness and chronic homelessness, supplied a simplified match requirement, increased prevention resources and increased in the emphasis on performance. The primary purpose of the legislation was to provide principle definitions regarding homelessness.

Derived from LoTT, this principle assists players in judging the level to which they should bid in a competitive situation.

The FIH introduced competitive tournaments in 1974, forcing the acceptance of the principle of competitive hockey by the IFWHA in 1973.

In 1932, Gause published what has become known as the competitive exclusion principle, based on experimental work done with mixed cultures of both yeast and Paramecium species.

The rationale for character displacement stems from the competitive exclusion principle, also called Gause's Law, which contends that to coexist in a stable environment two competing species must differ in their respective ecological niche ; without differentiation, one species will eliminate or exclude the other through competition.

Frank explores exciting new work in economics, psychology, and biology to argue that honest individuals often succeed, even in highly competitive environments, because their commitment to principle makes them more attractive as trading partners.

The schools operate on the principle that there are no shortcuts: outstanding educators, more time in school, a rigorous college-preparatory curriculum, and a strong culture of achievement and support will help educationally underserved students develop the knowledge, skills, and character needed to succeed in top quality high schools, colleges, and in the competitive world beyond.

Essentially this imposed two conditions: First, international law had to recognize and be compatible with an international political system in which a number of states were competitive, suspicious, and opportunistic in their political alignments with one another ; ;

Texas has an ' Eight Hour Rule ' which states that no competitive part of a marching band can spend more than 8 hours per week, including full band rehearsals, sectionals, and time before competitions, rehearsing.

Amartya Sen states that the liberal institutions that exist in India, including competitive elections and a free press, have played a major role in preventing famine in that country since independence.

Strengthening economic competition between communities further supports the creation of authentic regions within the EU and almost all EU member states recently have or currently are re-organizing their administration to create competitive EU regions.

He was vocal in advocating to the Bush Administration not to ratify the Kyoto Protocol as he believed it would increase the cost of electricity for no gain and put signatory states at a competitive disadvantage.

Organized systems of calisthenics in America took a back seat to competitive sports after the Battle of the Systems, when the states mandated physical education systems.

Because of the highly competitive nature of nation states, national security for countries with significant resources and value is based largely on technical measures and operational processes.

The first fundamental welfare theorem provides some basis for the belief in efficiency of market economies, as it states that any perfectly competitive market equilibrium is Pareto efficient.

This competitive environment, beneficial to the regional states involved, was mitigated sharply after 1970.

The rapid growth in the Victorian and to a lesser extent, New South Wales racing carnivals has made the leading races of the other states less competitive in prizemoney and as a result prestige.

The MEDEF states that it endorses “ sustainable development ”, raising companies ’ awareness to the fact that protection of the planet may also be numbered among their competitive advantages.

For the higher excited states a competitive decay channel of proton emission to the granddaughter C exists, called β-delayed proton emission.

Dating back to the Missouri Compromise, the Southern region desperately sought to maintain an equal balance of slave states and free states so as to be competitive in the Senate.

Rummel ( 1997 ) states that " By democracy is meant liberal democracy, where those who hold power are elected in competitive elections with a secret ballot and wide franchise ( loosely understood as including at least 2 / 3 of adult males ); where there is freedom of speech, religion, and organization ; and a constitutional framework of law to which the government is subordinate and that guarantees equal rights.

Such so-called " safe states " are also referred to in campaign literature as " neglected states " because the Democratic and Republican candidates traditionally put most of their campaign energy into more competitive " swing states.

Another major impact has been the preferential taxation policies in neighbouring hill states which has provided the businesses in those states a huge competitive advantage.

In 2009-10, states were given the incentive to adopt the standards with the possibility of competitive funds from the federal Race to the Top program.