People blamed the injustices and the annoyances on the company, which actually arose from the complexity of the tax system, the brutality of the guards of the troops and the brutal repression of fraud and smuggling.

A famous network of conditional proofs is the NP-complete class of complexity theory.

PBX networking vendors such as Cisco promote the adoption of handsets that use VoIP over local Wi-Fi as the replacement for DECT, but this imposes significant overhead on the design and complexity of the Wi-Fi network in order to provide roaming, coverage and reservation of bandwidth, not to mention quality of service.

For the benefit of reducing network complexity, the intelligence in the network is purposely mostly located in the end nodes of each data transmission, cf.

A large technical system ( LTS ) is a system or network of enormous proportions or complexity.

Packets must be segmented, transported and re-assembled over an ATM network using an adaptation layer, which adds significant complexity and overhead to the data stream.

A common criticism of X is that its network features result in excessive complexity and decreased performance if only used locally.

It decreases the complexity of network topology, increases routing efficiency, and causes much less congestion because of fewer routing advertisements.

:: The type of network topology in which some of the nodes of the network are connected to more than one other node in the network with a point-to-point link – this makes it possible to take advantage of some of the redundancy that is provided by a physical fully connected mesh topology without the expense and complexity required for a connection between every node in the network.

Colocation facilities provide space, power, cooling, and physical security for the server, storage, and networking equipment of other firms — and connect them to a variety of telecommunications and network service providers — with a minimum of cost and complexity.

Other scholars see a slow process of increasing social complexity between the 12th and the 8th centuries, based on a network of chiefdoms.

While subnetting may improve network performance in an organizational network, it increases routing complexity, since each locally connected subnet must be represented by a separate entry in the routing tables of each connected router.

Compared to link-state protocols, which require a router to inform all the nodes in a network of topology changes, distance-vector routing protocols have less computational complexity and message overhead.

The covert channel analysis presented here, however does not consider issue such as interoperability of these data hiding techniques with other network nodes, covert channel capacity estimation, effect of data hiding on the network in terms of complexity and compatibility.

As the complexity of the technology increased and the costs decreased, the need to share information within an enterprise also grew, giving rise to the third ( client / server ) era in which computers on a common network were able to access shared information on a server.

While many neuro-theorists prefer such models with reduced complexity, others argue that uncovering structure function relations depends on including as much neuronal and network structure as possible.

* For a network of n nodes, only n-1 routes are necessary to connect all nodes ; that is, the upper bound is n-1, and the complexity is O ( n ).

These results suggest that a sparse, minimally connected, genetic architecture may be a fundamental design constraint shaping the evolution of gene network complexity.

For this reason, in neural network models, it is necessary to accurately model an in vivo network, by live collection of " noise " coefficients that can be used to refine statistical inference and extrapolation as system complexity increases.

Moral dread is seen as the other face of desire, and here psychoanalysis delivers to the writer a magnificent irony and a moral problem of great complexity.

With the growing complexity of markets and intensity of competition, sales management, whether at the district, region or headquarters level, is a tough job today -- and it will be tougher in the future.

In the `` typical tone language '', tonal morphophonemics is of the same order of complexity as consonantal morphophonemics.

The difficulty of analysis of any subsystem in the phonology is an inverse function of the size -- smaller systems are more troublesome -- for any given degree of morphophonemic complexity.

Improved bandwidth efficiency is achieved at the expense of increased transmitter and receiver complexity by completely suppressing both the carrier and one of the sidebands.

In algorithmic information theory ( a subfield of computer science ), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is a measure of the computational resources needed to specify the object.

Kolmogorov complexity is also known as " descriptive complexity " ( not to be confused with descriptive complexity theory ), Kolmogorov – Chaitin complexity, algorithmic entropy, or program-size complexity.

Thus, the Kolmogorov complexity of the raw file encoding this bitmap is much less than 1. 62 million.

More formally, the complexity of a string is the length of the shortest possible description of the string in some fixed universal description language ( the sensitivity of complexity relative to the choice of description language is discussed below ).

Strings whose Kolmogorov complexity is small relative to the string's size are not considered to be complex.

If a description of s, d ( s ), is of minimal length ( i. e. it uses the fewest number of characters ), it is called a minimal description of s. Thus, the length of d ( s ) ( i. e. the number of characters in the description ) is the Kolmogorov complexity of s, written K ( s ).

Theorem: If K < sub > 1 </ sub > and K < sub > 2 </ sub > are the complexity functions relative to description languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub >, then there is a constant c – which depends only on the languages L < sub > 1 </ sub > and L < sub > 2 </ sub > chosen – such that

Algorithmic information theory is the area of computer science that studies Kolmogorov complexity and other complexity measures on strings ( or other data structures ).

Some consider that naming the concept " Kolmogorov complexity " is an example of the Matthew effect.

The program tries every string, starting with the shortest, until it finds a string with complexity at least n ( if there is one ), then returns that string ( or goes into an infinite loop if there is no such string ).

" Connectance ( C ) is the fraction of all possible links that are realized ( L / S < sup > 2 </ sup >) and represents a standard measure of food web complexity ..." The distance ( d ) between every species pair in a web is averaged to compute the mean distance between all nodes in a web ( D ) and multiplied by the total number of links ( L ) to obtain link-density ( LD ), which is influenced by scale dependent variables such as species richness.

Pronoia appears rooted in the social complexity and cultural ambiguity of our lives: we have become increasingly dependent on the opinions of others based on uncertain criteria.

The complexity of the notification system is often dependent on the types of messages that must be sent.

Since the rendering was obviously dependent on the complexity of the scene, this also meant that one could experience slowdowns of the action only on certain parts of certain tracks, or when there were lots of cars around ( for example at the start ).

The rule of signs can be thought of as stating that the number of real roots of a polynomial is dependent on the polynomial's complexity, and that this complexity is proportional to the number of monomials it has, not its degree.

The final choice of material depends upon such factors as costs, method of fabrication, degree of complexity, number of units required, time available for tooling, and projected life expectancy of the unit.

As each of these is of a different level of cryptographic complexity, it is usual to have different key sizes for the same level of security, depending upon the algorithm used.

The best-known FFT algorithms depend upon the factorization of N, but there are FFTs with O ( N log N ) complexity for all N, even for prime N. Many FFT algorithms only depend on the fact that is an th primitive root of unity, and thus can be applied to analogous transforms over any finite field, such as number-theoretic transforms.

Schmidt is generally, if erroneously, regarded as a conservative composer ( such labels rest upon yet-to-be-resolved aesthetic / stylistic arguments ), but the rhythmic subtlety and harmonic complexity of much of his music belie this.

Irreducible complexity ( IC ) is an argument by proponents of intelligent design that certain biological systems are too complex to have evolved from simpler, or " less complete " predecessors, through natural selection acting upon a series of advantageous naturally occurring, chance mutations.

When it was no longer possible to rely on design evolution to improve upon a system and the existing tools were not sufficient to meet growing demands, new methods began to be developed that addressed the complexity directly.

This reduced reliance upon L2 cache also allowed AMD to make their L2 cache higher latency and lower bandwidth without significant performance loss, which lessened processor complexity and allowed better manufacturing yields.

Depending upon the complexity of the product, planners can actually order materials using scanning with a min-max system.

It recognizes the complexity of interactions between human beings and their environment, and the capacity of people both to be affected by and to alter the multiple influences upon them including bio-psychosocial factors.

( Bitmaps may also be rotated using well known methods, but with various degrees of image degradation depending upon angle chosen, the storage and processor cycles available to the operation, and the complexity of the algorithm.

Buildings increased in geometric complexity, brick and plaster were used in addition to stone in the decoration of important public structures, classical orders were used more freely, mosaics replaced carved decoration, complex domes rested upon massive piers, and windows filtered light through thin sheets of alabaster to softly illuminate interiors.

Gord Lacey of TVShowsOnDVD. com reviewed the first season upon its DVD release and likewise praised the maturity and complexity of the show, which subverted his expectations.

Complexity gets built upon complexity until the end result is something markedly complex, and quite often completely counterintuitive from what the original rules would be expected to produce ( see complex systems ).

These opponents based a campaign upon a criticism of the state legislature and used the complexity of the plans to claim that taxes would go up on people in the state.

In fact, he is said to have discovered the already existing language by total accident ; having ducked into a nearby house to escape the rain, he fell upon a pair of twin sisters, deaf, and was struck by the richness and complexity of the language that they used to communicate among themselves and the deaf Parisian community.

Models of lesser or greater complexity can be used, depending upon the accuracy required.

Disaster, data complexity, data value and increasing dependence upon ever-growing volumes of data all contribute to the anxiety around and dependence upon successful backups to ensure business continuity.

Depending upon the size and complexity of the project, phases may be combined or may overlap.

The cost of these opinions for U. S. patents can run from tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars ( or more ) depending upon the particular patent, the number of defenses and prior art references, the length of the prosecution file history, and the complexity of the technology in question.

To understand the full sweep and complexity of cultures across all of human history, anthropology draws and builds upon knowledge from the social and biological sciences as well as the humanities and physical sciences .” Thus, the field is divided into four subareas: Sociocultural Anthropology, Biological ( or Physical ) Anthropology, Archaeology, and Linguistic Anthropology.

These informal divisions are established with the client before the interpretation is effected, depending upon the subject, its complexity, and the purpose of the interpretation.

* Regarding socio-political complexity, the term Prime Mover describes any influence upon a social group that leads to a higher degree of societal complexity.