This restricted the terms on which the poor were allowed relief and established compulsory admission to workhouses for the impoverished.

Lépine twice applied for admission to the École Polytechnique, but lacked two required compulsory courses.

While fasting is not considered compulsory in childhood, many children endeavour to complete as many fasts as possible as practice for later life.

After the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922, the organisation had a less prominent role in public life as Irish was made a compulsory subject in state-funded schools.

The causes of the decline included the switch from using Māori to using English compulsory in schools and increasing urbanisation, which disconnected younger generations from their extended families and in particular their grandparents, who traditionally played a large part in family life.

Advances in medicine, amongst other factors, increase life expectancy, leading to population aging ; the proportion of the population who are working and pay tax or compulsory insurance, rather than retired, decreases at the same time as healthcare per capita becomes more expensive to provide.

Spiritual life continued to be an important part of the schools, but religious services ceased to be compulsory and students were no longer instructed in Christian doctrine.

Late in his life, after he had become a voice opposing ( State ) Communists in the labor movement, Chaplin wrote an article, “ Why I wrote Solidarity Forever ,” in which he denounced the “ not-so-needy, not-so-worthy, so-called ‘ industrial unions ’ spawned by an era of compulsory unionism .” He wrote that among Wobblies “ there is no one who does not look with a rather jaundiced eye upon the ‘ success ’ of ‘ Solidarity Forever .’" " I didn't write ' Solidarity Forever ' for ambitious politicians or for job-hungry labor fakirs seeking a ride on the gravy train.

Before 2012 voting was compulsory for life for Chilean citizens who wished to enroll.

The modern compulsory secondary education is in sharp conflict with their way of life.

Their life cycle is much simpler than that of digenean trematodes, including a mollusc and a facultative or compulsory vertebrate host.

In developmental psychology and developmental biology, a critical period is a phase in the life span during which an organism has heightened sensitivity to exogenous stimuli that are compulsory for the development of a particular skill.

Émile Durkheim, the sociologist and founder of the Année Sociologique in 1898, would greatly influence the life and work of Granet, and began teaching a course on pedagogy at the Sorbonne, which was compulsory for all students from 1904 until 1913.

Uniform is compulsory at Ballyclare High School, and what one wears depends mostly on what stage they are at in their school life.

Sports are a compulsory activity and considered an essential part of school life and culture ; 57 teams across 24 sports are offered by the school.

It is a Church of England foundation with a lively chapel life that supports the strong pastoral framework of the house system ; attendance at worship is both compulsory and encouraged.

The College sees these carnivals as an important part of school life and attendance is compulsory.

Along with the option of taking music as a subject, there is also a compulsory Year 9 course, focussing on the appreciation of music and drama in everyday life through theoretical and practical exercises, which runs for multiple weeks throughout the year.

They therefore reject the state, seeing it as an aggressive entity which steals property ( through taxation and expropriation ), initiate aggression, are a compulsory monopoly on the use of force, use their coercive powers to benefit some businesses and individuals at the expense of others, create monopolies, restrict trade, and restrict personal freedoms via drug laws, compulsory education, conscription, laws on food and morality, and the like.

Therefore, the tree-planting campaign is actually compulsory, or at least obligatory ( that is, an obligation to the community ).

Turnout in 2009 stood at 43 % of all European voters, ranging from 90 % in Luxembourg and Belgium ( where compulsory voting is used ) to 20 % in Slovakia.

At the same time, a new Act of Uniformity was passed, which made attendance at church and the use of an adapted version of the 1552 Book of Common Prayer compulsory, though the penalties for recusancy, or failure to attend and conform, were not extreme.

In this way, a compulsory insurance package is available to all citizens at affordable cost without the need for the insured to be assessed for risk by the insurance company.

A look at the UDRP decision patterns has led some to conclude that compulsory domain name arbitration is less likely to give a fair hearing to domain name owners asserting defenses under the First Amendment and other laws, compared to the federal courts of appeal in particular.

Before July 1, 2010, students were required to enroll in a student union, nation or AF in order to receive grades at the university, but this is no longer compulsory.

He was transferred to a military hospital in order to assess if, at 52, he was still fit for compulsory military service.

Covers were customary in the music industry at the time ; it was made particularly easy by the compulsory license provision of United States copyright law ( still in effect ).

Most of the descendants of those Muslims and Jews who submitted to compulsory conversion to Christianity rather than exile during the early periods of the Inquisition, the Moriscos and Conversos respectively, were later expelled from Spain, when the Inquisition was at its height, and Portugal.

Berlusconi was not required to serve the standard one-year stint in the Italian army which was compulsory at the time.

Education is compulsory for seven years, until children reach the age of 15 years, but most children do not attend school until this age, and some do not attend at all.

Part of Grant's demerits were due to his refusal, at times, of compulsory church attendance, then a West Point policy that Grant viewed as anti-republican.

Worship at Japanese Shinto shrines was made compulsory.

The French language was again proscribed and education at German schools made compulsory.

The Cistercian constitution attached particular importance to attendance at this meeting, which was compulsory, and absence without leave was severely punished.

The " compulsory " edges of the fragments, that must be part of any Hamiltonian path through the fragment, are connected at the central vertex ; because any cycle can use only two of these three edges, there can be no Hamiltonian cycle.

Uniform is compulsory for all students, not only at primary and secondary school but also at the pre-university ( Junior College ) level.

In Spain the use of school uniforms is not compulsory in the public school at any stage.

Spanish Rectors are chosen from within the body of university full Professors ( Catedráticos in Spanish ); it is compulsory for anyone aspiring to become a rector to have been a Doctor for at least 6 years before his election, and to have achieved Professor status, holding it in the same university for which he is running.

The legal age for both compulsory and voluntary recruitment has been set at 18.

From 1 January 2010 the wearing of helmets with faceguards became compulsory for hurlers at all levels.

Surveys have found that at least 25 countries around the world have no specified age for compulsory education.

Sixth form is not compulsory in England and Wales ; however, university entrance normally requires at least 3 A2-level qualifications, and perhaps one AS-level.

Elementary education is compulsory ( grades 1 – 9 ), but most students continue at least until a secondary education ( grades 10 – 12 ).

The turning point were two laws, the Lex Licinia Sextia of 367 BC that ascertained the right of plebeians to hold the consulship, and the Genucian law of 342 BC that made it compulsory that at least one of the consuls be a plebeian.

From the age of sixteen there, is a partial compulsory education ( partiële leerplicht ), meaning a pupil must attend some form of education for at least two days a week.

Students of all tracks have compulsory classes in Latin and English as well as in at least one additional foreign language ( most commonly German, Italian, Spanish and French ).

To pass the matura it is necessary to score at least 30 % in each of the three compulsory exams.

Elementary education is compulsory ( grades 1-9 ), but most students continue at least until a secondary education.

These are identical in level of education, except that the gymnasium includes Latin and Ancient Greek as compulsory subjects in the first few years, and a pupil must include at least one of these classical languages in his final exams.

Leo supported unions, yet opposed at least some parts of the then emerging labor movement, and specifically objected to compulsory union membership.

This treaty created a regular consultative structure for the Little Entente, and made it compulsory for the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the parties to meet at least once a year.

In order to gain an ATAR a student must satisfactorily complete three units of any subject in the English field ( at least one English field subject is compulsory ) and sixteen units in any other subjects.

" Co-Curricular Activities " ( CCA ) are compulsory at the secondary level, where all pupils must participate in at least one core activity, and participation is graded together with other achievements throughout the four years in a scoring system known as LEAPS (" Leadership, Enrichment, Achievement, Participation, Service ").

"- Regulated courses for the professions of State-certified (' staatlich gepruefte ( r )') technician / engineer (' Techniker ( in )'), business economist ( Business Manager ) (' Betriebswirt ( in )'), designer (' Gestalter ( in )') and family assistant (' Familiepfleger ( in )'), of a total duration not less than 16 years, a prerequisite of which is successful completion of compulsory schooling or equivalent education and training ( of a duration of not less than nine years ) and successful completion of a course at a trade school (' Berufsschule ') of a duration of not less than three years and comprising, upon completion of at least two years of work experience, full-time education and training of a duration of not less than two years or part-time education and training of equivalent duration "

All students study at least two instruments and choir practice is compulsory.

Speaking to the 1911 National Rivers and Harbors Congress, the chief of the Corps, Brigadier General William H. Bixby, suggested that modern treatment facilities and prohibitions on dumping " should either be made compulsory or at least encouraged everywhere in the United States.

Membership in at least one Core CCA is compulsory for secondary school students in Singapore and it is considered an integral part of the education system.

The period of compulsory service was at least 18 months, and adult males between 18 and 26 were eligible.

For instance, all students have to take at least four subjects at level A ( there are two compulsory subjects at this the highest level: Danish and History ), and all students have to take a natural science subject at level B.

Middle School students are required to participate in at least one sport each season, although interscholastic competition is not compulsory.

The science curriculum features biology, physics and chemistry as compulsory subjects throughout on at least supplementary level.

By 1998 nearly all pupils in Europe studied at least one foreign language as part of their compulsory education, the only exception being Ireland, where primary and secondary schoolchildren learn both Irish and English, but neither is considered a foreign language ( although Irish pupils do study a third European language ).