They therefore reject the state, seeing it as an aggressive entity which steals property ( through taxation and expropriation ), initiate aggression, are a compulsory monopoly on the use of force, use their coercive powers to benefit some businesses and individuals at the expense of others, create monopolies, restrict trade, and restrict personal freedoms via drug laws, compulsory education, conscription, laws on food and morality, and the like.

The most heated controversy surrounds the topic of compulsory helmet use.

Eritrea makes extensive use of compulsory labour through " national service ".

At the same time, a new Act of Uniformity was passed, which made attendance at church and the use of an adapted version of the 1552 Book of Common Prayer compulsory, though the penalties for recusancy, or failure to attend and conform, were not extreme.

The use of a jacket is compulsory in judo competition, sambo competition, and most Brazilian jiu-jitsu competition, as well as a variety of folk wrestling styles around the world.

It opposes laws that restrict consensual and private sexual relationships between adults ( e. g., gay sex, non-marital sex, and deviant sex ), laws that restrict drug use, laws that impose religious views or practices on individuals, and compulsory military service.

Doom prompted fears that the then-emerging virtual reality technology could be used to simulate extremely realistic killing, and in 1994 led to unsuccessful attempts by Washington state senator Phil Talmadge to introduce compulsory licensing of VR use.

Some train operating companies continue to use the former British Rail Rail Alphabet lettering to varying degrees in station signage, although its use is no longer universal ; however it remains compulsory ( under Railway Group Standards ) for safety signage in trackside areas and is still common ( although not universal ) on rolling stock.

The most commonly used definition is Max Weber's, which describes the state as a compulsory political organization with a centralized government that maintains a monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a certain territory.

The FIVB changed the rules in 1999 ( with the changes being compulsory in 2000 ) to use the current scoring system ( formerly known as rally point system ), primarily to make the length of the match more predictable and to make the game more spectator-and television-friendly.

* 1268 – In France, the use of hops as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of beer is made compulsory.

While the insanity defense is the subject of controversy as a viable excuse for wrongdoing, Szasz and other critics contend that being committed in a psychiatric hospital can be worse than criminal imprisonment, since it involves the risk of compulsory medication with neuroleptics or the use of electroshock treatment.

Certain Traditionalist Catholic groups, particularly Sedevacantists, consider Lumen Gentium to be the demarcation of when the Roman Church fell into heresy, pointing to the use of " subsistit in " rather than " est " as an abdication of the Church's historic ( and to them compulsory ) identification of itself alone as God's church.

* In France, the use of hops as the exclusive flavoring agent used in the manufacture of beer is made compulsory.

The Corporation Act 1661 required municipal officeholders to swear allegiance ; the Act of Uniformity 1662 made the use of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer compulsory ; the Conventicle Act 1664 prohibited religious assemblies of more than five people, except under the auspices of the Church of England ; and the Five Mile Act 1665 prohibited clergymen from coming within five miles ( 8 km ) of a parish from which they had been banished.

In 1724, the London Building Act passed by the Parliament of Great Britain made the use of downpipes compulsory on all new construction.

The " compulsory " edges of the fragments, that must be part of any Hamiltonian path through the fragment, are connected at the central vertex ; because any cycle can use only two of these three edges, there can be no Hamiltonian cycle.

In Spain the use of school uniforms is not compulsory in the public school at any stage.

Forced or compulsory recruitment of anyone under the age of 18 for use in armed conflict, is one of the predefined worst forms of child labour, deemed a form of slavery, in terms of the International Labour Organisation's Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999, adopted in 1999.

In terms of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation ratifying countries should ensure that forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict is a criminal offence, and also provide for other criminal, civil or administrative remedies to ensure the effective enforcement of such national legislation III ( 12 ) to ( 14 )).

Frank oversaw the segregation of the Jews into ghettos and the use of Polish civilians as " forced and compulsory " labour.

Similar in many ways to the Leipzig Meuten, they consisted of young people, mainly between the ages of 14 and 17, who had evaded the Hitler Youth by leaving school ( which was allowed at 14 ) and were also young enough to avoid military conscription, which was only compulsory from the age of 17 onwards.

In 1936, when Fest turned ten, his family refused to make him join the Hitler Youth, a step which could have had serious consequences, although membership did not become compulsory until 1939.

Later, the Hitler salute was made compulsory ; Marxists and Jews were expelled.

By 1939, when membership in the Hitler Youth became compulsory, each new member of the Jungvolk was required to take an oath to the Führer swearing total allegiance.

As a teenager Kempowski, who was unathletic and had acquired a taste for American jazz and swing music through his older brother, chafed under compulsory service in the Hitler Youth, and was transferred into a penalty unit ( Strafeinheit ) of the organization.

" Innovations " like the Hitler salute were introduced as compulsory before and after every game.

Achille Starace, the Italian Fascist Party secretary, pushed for measures to make the use of the Roman salute generally compulsory, denouncing hand shaking as bourgeois.

In Germany the salute, sporadically used by the National Socialist German Workers Party ( NSDAP ) since 1923, was made compulsory within the movement in 1926.

It was found that the United States, by making the flag salute compulsory in Minersville School District v. Gobitis ( 1940 ), was impinging upon the individual's right to worship as one chooses — a violation of the First Amendment Free Exercise Clause in the constitution.

It was the trial of oleomargarine heir Minot ( Mickey ) Jelke for compulsory prostitution in New York that put the spotlight on the international play-girl.

Neither was compulsory ; individuals had to nominate themselves for both selection methods.

Clinton and the committee were responsible for state educational improvement programs, notably more spending for schools, rising opportunities for gifted children, an increase in vocational education, raising of teachers ' salaries, inclusion of a wider variety of courses, and compulsory teacher testing for aspiring educators.

21 – 45 years of age for compulsory military service ; conscript service obligation-9 to 12 months ; 17 – 45 years of age for voluntary service.

Moreover, an African judicial commission reported that he had " almost certainly " taken part in the massacre of some 100 children for refusing to wear the compulsory school uniforms.

A Ministry of Education was established, and free County Colleges were set up for the compulsory part-time instruction of teenagers between the ages of 15 and 18 who were not in full-time education.

* Exemption from compulsory public service for the clergy ;

* Exemption from compulsory public service for the sons of clergy ;

* Citizenship is a compulsory subject of the National Curriculum in state schools in England for all pupils aged 11 – 16.

Some called for a maximum of two term-periods in each party body, including the Central Committee, others supported Nikita Khrushchev's policy of compulsory turnover rules, which had been ended by the Brezhnev leadership.

He also signed the Worker's Compensation Act of 1910, which required a compulsory, employer-paid plan of compensation for workers injured in hazardous industries and a voluntary system for other workers ; after the New York Court of Appeals ruled the law unconstitutional in 1911, a popular referendum was held that successfully made the law an amendment in the New York Constitution.

* China Compulsory Certificate, a compulsory safety mark for many products sold on the Chinese market

* 1965 – Pakistan's Islamic Ideology Advisory Committee recommends that Islamic Studies be made a compulsory subject for Muslim students from primary to graduate level.

Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education.

It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, " post-secondary ", or " higher " education ( e. g. university, vocational school ) for adults.

Suffrage is universal and compulsory for literate persons ages 18 – 65 and optional for 16 and 17 years of age and other eligible voters.

Differences under the Maliki school included the fact that those following the Maliki school could state their purpose ( or niat ) once only for compulsory fasting which is valid for the whole month of Ramadhan whilst for the Shafi ' i. e. school ( see below ), one would have to state his purpose every day of the month of Ramadhan for his fast to be valid the next day.